Oct 8, 2018 | News
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Foctober-november-december-2018%2F%23october-november-december-2018%2F40-41||target:%20_blank|”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]By George Gehrman
The drone of the Cessna 206 was getting monotonous. We’d been in the air for some time on a flight from Arusha in Tanzania to Wengert-Windrose’s camp in the South Moyowosi concession, far to the west of the country. PH Natie Oelofse was in the process of learning to fly, and was at the controls getting in some flight time. Three hours after departing Arusha, the plane dipped down over a broad, green plain bisected by a wide river gleaming in the sunlight – the Moyowosi in the remote west central region of Tanzania.
“So what do you think about this Africa?” asked Natie with a broad grin.
“Pretty impressive,” I replied. As we descended to the landing strip, herds of buffalo could be seen, along with vast numbers of topi and zebra. A line of gray toward the horizon was a herd of elephant filing along to the river. We weaved and bobbed a bit as we lowered towards the ground. Turned out Natie was quite adept in the air, but he still needed some practise on his landings!
Natie had been after me for some time to get away from the southern Africa countries where I’d been hunting, and see his “real” Africa in Tanzania. I had to admit that what I’d seen so far in the Masailand was impressive enough, but the wildness and remoteness of this area could take one’s breath away. Camp lay about one hour’s drive into the miombo forest away from the airstrip. Game of many species stood watching, or sometimes bolting off into the cover as we drove by. The camp was typical East African style – sleeping tents with an en suite toilet and shower facility on concrete slabs covered with thatch roofs and surrounded by reed walls. There were hard-packed walkways between the various sections of the camp which consisted of a kitchen, large open-air dining area, and, of course, a fire ring surrounded by chairs. The camp itself was situated under trees around a natural spring which attracts numerous animals, including elephants from time to time. Everything out here is BIG: the Moyowosi South hunting concession covers over 1,200 square miles.
The order of the day was Cape buffalo, and not just any buff. I’d already taken one over 40 inches, and wanted a true old Dagga Boy with character to show what kind of life it had lived. At this time of the year, early October, just as the rains start, the huge herds of buffalo on the flood plains start to break up, some with the old bulls heading off in the miombo scrub.
After a great dinner of roan steak, it was time to make a plan. The resident PH of the Fish Eagle camp, Wayne Hendry, suggested that we follow a trail along the edge of the flood plain of the river and check for tracks of the bulls as they moved off the open areas. And so, early the next morning Natie and I headed out along the track we came in on the day before. We’d hardly gotten a good start when Natie braked to a halt. Warthog! It stood still as a statue in the middle of the track ahead of us – difficult to see in the deep shadow of the forest and the gloom before sunrise.
“Want him?” Natie whispered. “He’s huge.” He was indeed the largest warthog I’d ever seen and I did want him, but declined the shot since I didn’t want to take a chance of alarming any buff that could be nearby. I’ve regretted that decision ever since! We broke out of the forest just as life on the river plain was waking up. We stopped and glassed for a bit, but no buff, and so we continued on the trail along the edge of the flood plain. It was only a short while before the trackers spotted buffalo tracks – three bulls crossing our trail and heading into the bush. The hunt was on!
It was vintage buffalo tracking. The going was slow as there was still a lot of dead grass in the bush – the trackers would lose the tracks in the grass in the open areas, then pick them up again as they moved through the scrub across bare patches of ground. Every stop for a suspected glimpse of our quarry heightened the tension. An hour passed and the sign became increasingly fresh.
Then the adrenaline rush as the lead tracker dropped to a knee and pointed ahead – he’d seen them. More accurately, he’s seen bits and pieces of them, just a black spot there and there in the brush ahead. And they know where we are, as the breeze in the trees is squirreling around every which way. Natie used his binoculars to try to sort them out, but we were pinned down where we were. They moved away a short distance and we sneaked into a new position, but I still hadn’t got a look at them.
“They’re all good bulls,” Natie whispered, “but we won’t have a chance to pick the best under the conditions we’re in.” He checked again then whispered urgently, “There, crossing ahead of us, take the last one!”
“What last one? I can’t see them!”
“Just there, 30 yards out.” At the very last moment the scene jumped into focus and I saw a buffalo moving to my right across a short opening in the trees. One fast shot from my .375 H&H and they were gone, disappearing into the thick brush.
“How was the shot?” asked Natie
“A bit high and too far back, but was definitely a hit into the chest area,” I told him. The trackers confirmed hearing a hit that sounded solid. We waited for a good 20 minutes, then headed off toward where we’d last seen the buff. We came into an open area and moved slowly ahead towards another grove of trees. We hadn’t quite reached the edge of the trees when Natie froze, and we saw that my bull was down. But a second bull had stayed with him and stood guard. The guard bull broke, and my bull was on his feet and off on a run.
Natie threw “Baby”, his .470 Nitro Express double, into action and I added my .375 into the fray. We took off running after the bull, dodging through the thorn bush and trees in a manner that would do a pro running back proud. We slammed on the brakes as he came into the clear for a moment and got off a second volley toward him. He disappeared into some thick stuff for a moment, and when he reappeared, he staggered and went down. We approached, and after the obligatory insurance shot, we went up to him. My first shot was right where I called it, passing through the top of the lungs. He would have died from it eventually, but it would have taken a while.
He was a splendid bull and exactly what I was looking for. His horns spread nearly 44 inches and carried heavy, thick bosses. But it was upon closer examination that we discovered what a tough life this old boy had led. His ears were tattered and torn from various scrapes with lions and sharp horn tips of younger buff bulls. On top of his back was a large scabbed-over area, still with an open wound in the middle, signs of an attack by lions some months earlier. But it wasn’t until he was being skinned that the final passage was written about him. Noisy chatter from the normally silent skinners indicated that something unusual was going on. The head tracker came up to Natie and me, carrying a soft iron ball which they’d dug out of his neck, evidence of a poacher’s failed attempt to kill him many years earlier. Measured back home I found the ball to be .75 inches in diameter and it weighed an even one ounce.
Truly, this bull was a mauler.
Bio:
George Gehrman has hunted in nine states in the western U.S. plus Alaska, British Columbia and Saskatchewan in Canada, and Sonora in Mexico. His African experience includes 13 safaris spanning 34 years in South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Tanzania. He is the owner/operator of the safari consulting and booking agency – Tracking Africa. George is a long-time member of the AH Guild, now known as the African Hunting Gazette Life Membership program.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Foctober-november-december-2018%2F%23october-november-december-2018%2F40-41||target:%20_blank|”][/vc_column][/vc_row]
Sep 4, 2018 | News
After a 16 months, we have the following updates.
- We have implemented NightsBridge, the leading hospitality booking software for guest houses, to improve and offer seamless online reservations
- Elize, (coincidently a similar name of the previous owner J) has immense guest house experience and has taken over from the previous Manager.
- We have a second PDP-qualified driver living on the property – Joseph who has worked with me for many years.
- The Selous Trophy & Reading Room is open for guests’ enjoyment. I am sure guests will enjoy the range of trophies, butterflies, books and art.
- The catering offer is continually being improved
- And guest feedback, while mostly very positive, continues to have valuable insights where we can improve, which we take seriously. This ensures Afton literally takes the hassles out of travel to and from Jo’burg.
- Our rack rate now includes an industry 20% discount for Agents and Outfitters booking in their clients and
- The offer of free accommodation for Outfitters and Agents, plus free parking of safari vehicles while Outfitters are away on travels – remains
Finally, from all of us at the African Hunting Gazette and Afton Safari Lodge, it is September, there are just more hard months of safaris before we catch our breath, start the marketing program for the year ahead and all continue hard to promote hunting in Africa.
Best regards,
Richard Lendrum – Publisher
Aug 24, 2018 | News
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Dear Richard,
I have just read “Give an Inch” in the summer 2018 issue of African Hunting Gazette. I agree with your disdain for those who “chase the inch,” but Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game is not a book for inch-chasers. I know, as a publisher, that space is limited in a magazine, but I hope you will publish this letter and allow me to mention a few items possibly overlooked in the editorial.
Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game lists all animals whether they are shot by a hunter, owned by a game department, picked up, or even if killed by a car. Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game lists the animal on the left side of its pages, thus placing the animal first and the hunter later. Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game has entries with “Anonymous” and “Name Removed by Request.” Rowland Ward does not have separate categories for bow-, muzzleloader-, and handgun-hunted game. In short, the animal is honored, and it does not matter if it was hunted; indeed, multiple world records in Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game are pickups.
Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game will not accept animals from fenced areas unless those animals came from self-sustaining, breeding populations that do not receive year-round supplemental feed. The “hunt” for a particular animal cannot be preordained; thus, this excludes from Rowland Ward any ear-tagged animals that are shown on photos before the “shoot” begins. Rowland Ward will not accept buffaloes, lions, leopards, or any other predators that have been shot from behind a fence, nor do we have categories for color-phased animals or darted animals. Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game will not accept any introduced (“exotic”) animals from behind a fence. I could go on, but I encourage you to read our “Guiding Principles,” which state all of the above in greater detail. Our guiding principles have been on our website for several years now.
You mention the influence of America on big-game hunting, and I would like to respond with the following: It is widely accepted that free-ranging game herds in North America that produce top-of-the-record-book antlers or horns are considered healthy, are a good sign of well-managed populations, and a clear indication of sustainable conservation at its best. Game animals don’t grow those world-record antlers/horns unless environmental conditions are optimal.
Finally, it should be noted that Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game has been in existence since 1892, so I think the game breeding that started in Southern Africa in the 1990s can hardly be connected to our record book since the genesis of the two are a century apart. Please keep publishing your interesting and thought-provoking magazine; I enjoy every issue.
Kindest regards,
Ludo J. Wurfbain,
Editor, Rowland Ward’s Records of Big Game[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]
Aug 13, 2018 | News, News & Letter
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Response to the Editorial
Was to me a very accurate assessment of the present issues surrounding the hunting of lions that are not born and raised in the wild.
As a biomedical research scientist, I have always tried to read and analyze issues based on available/perceived facts, minus all of the emotion and personal and political detritus that seem to be ever present in today’s way of approaching any and all issues, especially as it pertains to hunting.
From a purely behavioral standpoint, I am of the opinion that there is zero evidence, scientific or otherwise, that supports the idea that lions born and raised in captivity, and then released into the wild, are any different than those who are born and raised in the wild. So, why should captive-bred lions be treated any differently than their herbivore-counterparts? They should not, as they are all wild animals that will always be wild. I note that the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) allows import of lions from South Africa, but only if they are harvested as “wild” or “wild managed”. I’m not sure there is much of real difference between the two and even lesser distinctions if one brings into the picture captive-bred lions that have also been released into the wild and then managed using the same conservation practices in place for all other lions. Unfortunately, I think the title “captive-bred” is unfortunately and falsely equated with “canned hunts”. Nothing could be further from the truth, if the same ethical standards are used for the care and management of all lions under consideration. We need to be mindful of these types of “false scenarios” that if spouted often enough end up being believed as a “true”, when in fact nothing could be further from the truth.
As to the issue of a few reported abuses based on ethical considerations, commonly referred to as “canned hunts”, if these truly exist, then they dutifully need to be condemned and dealt with appropriately. But to cast a wide net around the entire issue of hunting lions that were captive-bred and then released into the wild as unethical, is disingenuous to say the least. In the USA we term this “Fake News”… we need to get back to facts and not be misled by hypertensive emotions and misleading terminologies. As you may well know, “canned hunts” are not limited to lion hunts in South Africa. In 2014 I was lured into what ended up to being a “canned hunt” for a so-called
SCI Gold scoring roan antelope, which in fact had one horn that was very abnormally formed and the apparent sizes of both horns combined would never of put him into the lowest scoring level of the SCI record book. Upon arrival at the safari-site I viewed the antelope through a wire fence and realized what the situation was all about I immediately declined the non-hunt, had no further dealings with this particular safari company and went elsewhere for my roan. See attached photo of roan through the fenced area which was no more than a hectare or two.
It’s been also noted in several publications I’ve read that one of the opposition-issues surrounding captive-bred lion hunting vs wild-reared lion hunting is that there is no scientific data that shows that captive-bred lion hunting contributes to the overall survival of the species, when compared to the well managed hunting of lions in the wild. On the contrary, it makes perfect sense that the more lions available for the hunting public, the less the hunting pressure on this iconic species, thus the more likely that their survival in the wild and on game farms would be enhanced, if not guaranteed if captive-bred lion hunting was encouraged and well regulated. I think it can and must.
Upon my return from a successful leopard hunt in Zambia, in August of 2016, my PH drove me to a game farm in the Mpumalanga Province. While there we were treated to an opportunity to see first-hand the rearing of African lions. We were even afforded the privilege of being able to pick up and play with a few of their youngest tenants, cubs that were only a few weeks old. The adult lions certainly appeared as behaviorally wild any lions I’d observed in the wilds of Zambia and elsewhere. (Photos attached). I did not ask for any information as to who their clients might be, but assumed these lions were eventually destined for game farms or zoos… hopefully not into the Chinese medicinal-market, which I find totally disgusting, vile, and without scientific merit.
Now to the real issue that I believe is key to the infighting we are observing within the Professional Hunters’ Association of South Africa (PHASA) and its important professional organizational-satellites, such as Safari Club International, the Dallas Safari Club and others… who have in fact now sided with the rebellious few who have resigned from the PHAPA and formed their own organization called Custodians of Professional Hunting & Conservation.
From my perspective, this whole issue regarding the legitimacy of captive-bred lion hunting vs the harvesting of lions in the wild, is all about the issues of “supply and demand”. It is painfully obvious to me, and should be to others, that there are only just so many lion tags available from safari companies that can offer lion hunts and that their demand for same is far in excess of what they can legally offer. Thus, when the demand for lion tags is greater than the supply, the profit margin of safari companies that can offer these premier-type wild lion hunts will obviously be definitely lucrative and self-sustaining. Think about it, if captive-bred lion hunting were offered and recognized worldwide, as a legal and ethically legitimate lion hunt in South Africa, or elsewhere for that matter, then the safari companies who could offer such hunts would be in direct competition with their name-sakes in other countries. This obviously would be a real and very contentious issue, as from what I have been able to determine, a lion hunt in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia, Mozambique or elsewhere, could possibly cost a client nearly double, or more, of what one might expect to pay for a similar lion hunt conducted in South Africa. The reasons for this price disparity are many and are obvious to anyone in the safari industry, thus I will not elaborate further.
In conclusion, what are we left with? A fight over the “survival of the fittest”, a battle over the definitions of what is “legal and/or ethical”, a concern over fences vs natural physical barriers? Or, is it more about the “bottom line” or “economic survival” in a very competitive world? Whatever it is, we best get our act together, as all of this infighting is only giving the anti-hunting crowd more and more ammunition to continue their attacks on our shared and treasured heritage. Let’s all put on our “big boy” pants and sit down and work on our differences together as a unit. We can certainly do without the negativism that this issue has generated. I dare say, if it were not for the “Cecil” incident, we’d not be having this conversation. Sad, indeed.
Respectfully submitted:
Lloyd L. Smrkovski, Ph.D.
Commander-United States Navy-retired[/vc_column_text][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”16499,16500,16501,16502″][/vc_column][/vc_row]
Aug 9, 2018 | Mammal Profile, News
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Forest Elephant
Based on Chris and Mathilde Stuart’s book, “Game Animals of the World,” published by African Hunting Gazette, here’s everything hunters need to know about the Forest Elephant
English: Forest elephant
Latin: Loxodonta cyclotis
German: Waldelefant
French: Éléphant de forêt d’Afrique
Spanish: Elefante de la selva /Elefante africano de bosque
Measurements
Tail: 1.4 m (4.6‘)
Shoulder Height: Male 2.35 m (7.7’)
Female 2.1 m (6.9‘)
Weight: Male 2 800 – 3 200 kg (6 200 – 7 000 lb)
Female 1 800 – 2 500 kg (4 000 – 5 500 lb)
Description
Similar in overall appearance to the savanna elephant, but it is obviously smaller, has a narrower frame, ears that are smaller and more rounded, with tusks that are usually more slender, straighter and downward pointing. All these are adaptations to the dense nature of much of its forest habitat. The ivory is often discolored to shades of brown. As with their savanna-dwelling cousins, the tusks (upper incisors) grow both in length and weight throughout the animal’s life, although those of the cow develop very slowly after their 30th year. Long considered to be a subspecies of the savanna elephant, but recent genetic studies have clearly shown that it is a distinct species. The so-called pygmy elephant is merely a slightly smaller form of this species.
Distribution
Restricted to the equatorial forest belt, westwards from, and including, Congo (DRC) to the Gulf of Guinea, and patchily through the remaining West African forests. Trophy hunting takes place in Cameroon.
Conservation standing
Probably less than 100 000, and possibly considerably lower with the biggest populations located in Gabon, Congo Brazzaville and Congo (DRC). Because of the nature of its dense habitat it is notoriously difficult to arrive at accurate counts, except within very limited areas. Because of the difficulties, near impossibility, of physically counting forest elephant, all such attempted regional counts have involved recording numbers of dung piles within a given area. This in itself is fraught with difficulties and may result in over-estimation of elephant numbers in any given area. In the few studies undertaken it has been estimated that forest elephants make up between 50% and 90% of mammalian biomass in many African tropical forests. Unfortunately, in areas where they have been hunted out, this has had major negative impacts on the forests and their other creatures.
Habitats
A species of the tropical forest, but they commonly frequent clearings where they feed, drink, and seek out minerals in the soils. In Gabon they commonly feed along the edge of the coastline, and have even been observed wading and bathing in the shallows.
Behavior
Most observations of forest elephants have been made in forest clearings, known as bai in parts of its range, as direct observation in dense forest is extremely difficult. It is not unusual to see elephant, bongo, sitatunga, red river hogs and lowland gorillas together in the same bais. Unlike the savanna elephant they do not form into large herds, and sightings of solitary animals is much more common, although numbers do congregate in the bais. It is suspected that although foraging in the forest environment may be largely a solitary activity, loosely knit groups may remain in vocal contact over distance. The little work that has been done has shown that these elephants occupy home ranges that cover as much as 1 000 km² (386 mi²), far more than previously thought. There is also growing evidence of seasonal migrations that may be related to regional fruiting, or abundance of certain foods in different areas of the forest.
Breeding
Mating season: Probably no season, but throughout the year
Gestation: Similar to savanna elephant – on average 22 months
Number of young: 1
Birth weight: <120 kg (265 lb)
Sexual maturity: Probably similar to savanna elephant, but not studied
Longevity: No records, but probably similar to savanna elephant
Food
Wild fruits play a much more important role in the diet of the forest elephant and as such they are important dispersers of seeds, especially those of trees.
Rifles and Ammunition
Suggested Caliber: 9.3mm – .375 up. 9.3 is illegal in some countries; The .40 and larger is preferred.
Bullet: Non-expanding “solid” bullets designed for maximum penetration.
Sights: Open “express” or aperture sights preferred; low magnification scope acceptable.
Hunting Conditions: Shooting distances average 15-40 yards (14-37m).[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]
Aug 8, 2018 | News
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The global footwear market is estimated to grow to $426 billion by 2022. The boot and shoe industry is growing at 6.2% annually and is experiencing one of the longest and most profitable periods in the history of the footwear market.
To compete, industry leaders like Nike, Wolverine, Red Wing and the Thursday Boot Company are embracing high-tech automation, analytics to identify and understand customer demand and buying behavior, machine learning to automate manual processes, and digital solutions to maximize customer engagement in stores and online.
One boot company, however, has found success by doing the opposite. In fact, the company many boot and shoe experts consider to be the best in the world has a factory that can only manufacture 30 pairs of boots per day. All are made to order. The company does not keep any shoes or boots in stock. Boots require three weeks to be manufactured and the waiting time for a customer to receive his/her shipment averages three months.
Welcome to the world of The Courteney Boot Company.
The Courteney Boot Company, named after the famed explorer, hunter and conservationist, Frederick Courteney Selous, is located in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
I have visited Zimbabwe on multiple occasions and have traveled throughout the country. As an animal lover, especially a lover of wildlife in Africa, I do not hunt but I enjoy going on safaris to view wildlife. I especially enjoy visiting lion conservation parks where its possible to mingle with lions and walk with them at sunset. I have given many lion cubs a big smooch on the forehead only to be rewarded with the lick of a tongue that feels like sandpaper. It still takes my breath away to visit Victoria Falls, one of the 7 Natural Wonders of the World.
Gale Rice, who owns The Courteney Boot Company, learned the industry from her late husband, John Rice. John began making shoes at 15 and eventually made his way to Rhodesia (now modern-day Zimbabwe) in 1972. John is a legend in the shoe and boot industry for his design and manufacturing skills and encyclopedic knowledge of footwear and manufacturing.
John and Gale founded the company in 1991. Courteney remains committed to making high-quality boots and shoes using methods and machines first introduced more than 40 years ago. Gale is one of the few women who run a business not only in Zimbabwe, but in all of Africa.
The company utilizes relationships with select global retailers referred to as “stockists” that take orders for Courteney’s products and pass them on to the company. Courteney also sells its products online but online sales are less than 15% of the business.
(Full disclosure: I own a pair of the Classic Courteney Selous boots and I plan on ordering a pair of the Classic Courteney Scout boots.)
In the age of Amazon and Fulfillment by Amazon, readers may wonder why Gale doesn’t sell Courteney’s products through Amazon or Alibaba. On the surface, the idea makes perfect sense but in a high-volume, high-visibility marketplace like Amazon or Alibaba, Courteney’s make-to-order retail model doesn’t fit. With no plans to ever modernize the current factory, Courteney’s business model will remain untouched.
Readers may also wonder why Gale doesn’t turn to China for its manufacturing. In doing so, The Courteney Boot Company would exist in name only. The workers who are more like members of the family would lose their jobs. The factory where Gale worked side-by-side with her husband, John, would be shuttered. Boots and shoes would be shipped and sold with a “Made in China” stamp on the soles of each pair.
When I asked Gale about China, she said: “Not even worth discussing.”
Whereas the vast majority of boot and shoe manufacturers rely on leather as the primary material for its shoes, Courteney is unique in that it manufactures boots, shoes and other products using game skins. Courteney wisely created a relationship with Zimbabwe’s Department of National Parks and Wildlife when it started.
Hundreds of big-game animals die of natural causes every year in Zimbabwe. Big-game hunting is legal in Zimbabwe but the industry has seen a severe reduction in customers in recent years. Most big-game hunting camps use the meat but rarely use the skins. Courteney sources hippo, crocodile, ostrich, impala, and Cape buffalo skins from conservation agencies, safari companies, rural district village councils and game parks. Unless Courteney sources the skins, the skins are left to rot or are thrown away.
What Does The Future Hold?
On July 30, Zimbabwe will hold its first election without Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe’s leader since it declared independence in 1980, on the ballot. In a country wracked by poverty and one of the weakest economies in all of Africa, there is palatable excitement at the idea of electing a leader that can return Zimbabwe to its glory days.
For many companies in Zimbabwe, time stood still once independence was gained. Government corruption resulted in lost business and a mass exit of many businesses to other countries in Africa and Europe. Land grabs by the government resulted in many wealthy and educated citizens leaving the country. A country revered for its agriculture and manufacturing prowess became a shell of its former self.
It will take more than an election to cure the ails of Zimbabwe.
As for Gale, her plan is to do as she has always done—focus on the customer. Gale understands that rulers will come and go but that quality and style never go out of fashion. There will always be a market and a need for The Courteney Boot Company and the company will live on.
Brittain Ladd is a globally recognized thought leader on strategy, M&A, and business.
I am recognized globally as a thought leader and expert in digital supply chain management, Business Model Transformation, e-commerce, cross-border trade, operations, omni-channel retail and strategy. I have hands-on experience living and working in India, China, Latin Ameri.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]
