News from Makadi Safaris – Namibia

News from Makadi Safaris – Namibia

It has been some time since we sent all our past customers a newsletter – so here it is.
We hope you enjoy the brief read and it brings back fond memories of your time in Namibia.

Sent on behalf of Makadi Safaris

Greywing Safari

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F120-121||target:%20_blank|”][vc_column_text]Greywing Safari By Ken Bailey

The Stormberg Mountain region is at once rugged yet welcoming. At a distance, the rolling, grass-carpeted hills are inviting, appearing gentle and serene. Three hours in to hiking them, however, I was discovering that their true identity was somewhat different. Up close and personal the terrain is rough and uneven, and while the landscape can accurately be called “breath-taking”, so, too, is the effort required to hike the uneven slopes. Of course, that’s the way it should be when you’re hunting greywing partridge; a toll must be paid to merit the privilege of hunting these legendary birds.

Greywing partridge have long been considered by knowledgeable wingshooters to rank in the highest echelons of upland bird hunting, spoken in the same sentences and with an equal reverence as the renowned red grouse of the Scottish highlands or the robust capercaille of Eurasia. Greywings are a high-altitude bird about the same size and similar in appearance to a Hungarian partridge, and are generally found in montane grassland habitats above 5000 feet. While relatively common wherever there’s suitable habitat, they’re rarely seen because of their naturally secretive nature and the fact that they occur in widely dispersed coveys in relatively remote, mountainous landscapes. Hunting greywing partridge is defined as much by their surroundings as by the hunt itself, and any greywing in hand is a prize well-earned.

Fortunately, I was hunting with Robbie Stretton, a fifth-generation owner of the exquisite colonial-style Buffels Fontein Lodge, south of Jamestown in South Africa’s Eastern Cape. Robbie is a rancher, game breeder, PH and lodge owner, but I suspect all that is simply a cover story that allows him to pursue his personal passion for hunting, particularly greywing partridge, over his beloved English pointers.

We’d arrived at Buffels Fontein early on a cool May evening after several days of high-volume dove and pigeon hunting near Bloemfontein. I was hunting with African Hunting Gazette publisher Richard Lendrum and long-time friends T.J. Schwanky and Vanessa Harrop, co-hosts of the popular television hunting show The Outdoor Quest. Over an eland dinner (and as veterans of African cuisine know, it simply doesn’t get any better than eland!), Robbie and his wife Angela related the history of their lodge and the surrounding countryside. The Stretton family first acquired the 11,000 hectare (27,000 acres) ranch in 1840. In the early days it served as a post office, a trading post and an inn, providing a welcome respite for travellers to rest their oxen, their horses and their own weary bodies along the strenuous route between the diamond and gold mines to the north and the docks along the Indian ocean to the south. These days the farm is home to sheep, cattle and an array of big game and game birds, and serves as home base for Robbie’s hunting operations. But the fascinating history of the lodge is well-preserved through the wonderful collection of antiques and the books and firearms that adorn the walls.

After a much-needed rest in the well-appointed guest rooms, our group reassembled for an early breakfast before heading afield. To the untrained eye, locating greywings in this vast, undulating landscape seems akin to finding the proverbial needle in a haystack, but Robbie knew with unfathomable clarity where we could expect to find coveys. He is careful about his management practices, insisting that hunters take only a small handful of birds from each of the far-spread coveys. It turned out that limiting our harvest wasn’t going to be an issue, though certainly not because of a lack of birds.

Through the cool morning hours we walked up and down the open hillsides, hunting between 6500 and 7000 feet above sea level. As is demanded of this pursuit, Robbie’s English pointers were fit and disciplined dogs that could hold a point until we were in position. Greywings have a tendency to fly downhill for long distances when flushed, so finding and reflushing scattered birds is an iffy proposition. If a dog flushes a covey at a distance it’s highly unlikely you’ll get a second crack at them, so well-trained dogs are a must.

Greywing coveys range from just a couple to as many as 30 birds, but most often number from five to ten. As it so happened, the first point of the morning was a pair, and at the flush the birds broke in separate directions. One exploded straight away before veering sharply left to take full advantage of the high winds that seem to be the norm in these hills. Astounded at how quickly it was getting out of range, I shouldered my gun and swung without thinking, holding just below the bird as it sailed down the grassy slope. At the report the bird tumbled into the grass, while to my right a quick pair of shots told me that T.J. was on the second bird. As it turned out he’d wing-tipped his and we were unable to recover it, but in short order mine was collected and I held it aloft triumphantly. As history now shows, my shooting prowess was short-lived.

Over the next three hours we traversed the hillsides under Robbie’s tutelage. He knew roughly where to expect the dogs to locate another covey, and more often than not he was right on the money. On some flushes only two or three birds would erupt from the grass; regularly it would be five to eight, and we put up one covey where 14 or 15 partridge rocketed out. In total we flushed 10 coveys totalling 84 birds. Our in-the-hand tally at morning’s end was a relatively meagre seven birds. Robbie advised that on most shoots gunners can expect to see in the region of 60 birds, with an anticipated bag of about 15, depending on the shooting ability of the hunters. While the dogs more than held up their end of the bargain, our numbers reveal that, clearly, T.J., Vanessa, Richard and I fell short of the targeted 25 per cent success rate.

Under the authority of editorial license, I feel compelled to offer a little defense of our less than stellar performance. To wit, we were shooting guns unfamiliar to us, (stunning F16 over/unders graciously on loan from Blaser) that were choked for the waterfowling and guinea fowl hunting we’d planned, when I would have preferred improved cylinder chokes, and the #5 loads we were flinging were probably not the best option; #8 shot would have been a better choice. Further, as I came to learn, as often as not you’re on rocky, uneven ground when a covey flushes (Murphy’s Law), so you’re seldom shooting from a stable position. Not to mention that the greywing partridge themselves, those taupe-clad little beauties, have a combination of natural flight skills and a game-to-the-core survival instinct that all but ensures their escape.

If I sound a little defensive, understand that it’s largely in jest. The fact is, we had a wonderful morning in an unbelievably pristine landscape pursuing one of the world’s premier game birds. How can that not be a rewarding experience? Whether we shot well or not is a relatively small part of the equation; it was the experience we were seeking.

At about noon we stopped for a well-earned lunch break and reflected on our morning. Someone’s Fitbit revealed we’d walked 15 kms (9.5 miles) since we’d left the trucks, so we enjoyed the cold drinks and sandwiches with unusual zeal. As advertised, we’d learned that greywing partridge hunting is not for the faint of heart; a reasonable level of fitness is a must, especially at these altitudes.

As we relaxed in the midday sun, a small covey of greywings flushed from cover on the steep hill above us. T.J., Robbie and I just looked at one another with knowing shrugs. So Robbie collected a couple of his pointers and up we went, at times having to climb hand over foot up the sharp incline. Eventually we got to the elevation and general vicinity of where we thought the birds had resettled, with the dogs’ no-nonsense attitude confirming there were birds close by. With every step I took care with my footing to ensure I was on stable ground should a partridge lift. That didn’t give due respect to our pointing companions, however, because in short order they had a bird locked down and when they flushed I was ready.

Three birds burst from beneath the thorny brush and I swung on the first as it flew straight away, paralleling the hillside. When the picture looked right I squeezed and the greywing dropped. Meanwhile, T.J. swung on a brace of birds, dropping one before the second disappeared safely over a crest. Two shots and two iconic greywing partridge in the hand.

Our doubleheader served as a spectacular finish to a hunt that will be etched in a special place in my memory reserved for only the most revered experiences. We’d been treated to a first-class experience in pursuit of one of the world’s great game birds, hunting up top in storied terrain, accompanied by fine people, fine dogs and fine shotguns. Sometimes I think I get more than I deserve. But I will go back, if for no other reason than to test that hypothesis.[/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F120-121||target:%20_blank|”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”19789,19790,19791,19792,19793,19794,19795″][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Custodians of Wilderness: Sidinda, Zambezi Valley

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F14-15||target:%20_blank|”][vc_column_text]Custodians of Wilderness: Sidinda, Zambezi Valley.

A Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA) is defined as a component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries, encompassing one or more protected areas as well as multiple resource use areas. The Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) TFCA lies in the Kavango and Zambezi river basins where Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe converge, and covers some 519 000 sq. kilometers. It was formalized in December 2006 when a memorandum of understanding was signed by the respective governments. The goal of the KAZA TFCA is “To sustainably manage the Kavango-Zambezi ecosystem, its heritage and cultural resources, based on best conservation and tourism models for the socio-economic wellbeing of the communities and other stakeholders in and around the eco-region through harmonization of policies, strategies and practices.” Safari hunting is an integral part of the economic model.

The Zimbabwe component of KAZA TFCA comprises 14% of the total area and includes Hwange National Park, Zambezi National Park, Victoria Falls National Park, Kazuma Pan National Park, Chizarira National Park, Matusadona National Park, Matetsi, Deka, Chete, Chirisa and Charara Safari Areas, including, Bembesi, Fuller, Gwayi, Kazuma, Mzola, Ngamo, Panda Masuwe, Sijarira and Sikumi Forests incorporating Hwange, Tsholotsho, Bulilima, Binga, Gokwe, Nyaminyami and Hurungwe Communal Lands, as well as privately held State Land and conservancies extending eastwards to Lake Kariba Recreational Park and Kariba Town.

Within this area is the Hwange-Sanyati Biodiversity Corridor (HSBC) project, 14 million acres in extent. The $6.4 million project is being funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and is running from 2014-2019. The World Bank is the implementing agency for the project, the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) is the activities-implementing entity, and the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Management is the coordinating authority. Key project partners are: Parks and Wildlife Management Authority; CAMPFIRE Association; Environmental Management Agency; and the Forestry Commission.

The overall objective of the project is to provide tools for the sustainable management of the corridor and to address challenges including:
• Inadequate water supplies for wildlife;
• Destructive wild fires;
• Poaching of wildlife and timber;
• Human wildlife conflicts;
• Land degradation;
• Limited livelihood options;
• Food insecurity; and
• Inadequate institutional capacities to address environmental and livelihood challenges.

Securing wildlife populations and their habitat can help reverse land degradation. The sustainable use of stable game populations can help improve the livelihood options of local communities.

The Hwange Communal Area is a part of the country’s CAMPFIRE project and includes the Sidinda area which borders the Zambezi River. The hunting safari outfitter operating in this region is Mbalabala Safaris, owned and run by Lindon Stanton and Tinie Kok. When they took over the hunting area in 2014 they realized that certain key species would have to be re-introduced in order to improve the viability of the area. A fenced, protected core area would have to be established before wildlife could be brought in. Once wildlife populations stabilized, the next phase of the project would involve erecting a second, lower cattle fence encompassing 100 000 acres into which the game could move.

The idea was presented to the Hwange Rural Council who were very supportive, as was Charles Jonga, head of CAMPFIRE Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe National Parks and Wildlife Management Authority was contacted, and an ecologist was sent to undertake an ecological assessment of the area. The results showed that 100 buffalo, 30 sable, 30 zebra, 30 eland and 30 waterbuck could be sustained within the proposed 9 000 acre enclosed area. The success of the plan would hinge on the local people realizing tangible benefits from the project. This would come in the form of cash from trophy fees and meat from the hunted animals. The rural council undertook a PR exercise across the region to inform the various communities about the proposed scheme.

With financial support from their hunting clients, Lindon and Tinie hired 40 people from the local community and began erecting the fence. The terrain in the area is formidable and it took two years of hard work before the 14-kilometer-long fence was completed. Two strands of solar-powered electrified wire were attached to the fence. The first 3-foot-high strand was placed on the inside of the fence to keep buffalo from breaking out. The second strand was set at five feet on the outside to deter elephant from breaking down the fence.

While the fence was being erected, Lin and Tinie located a potential source of buffalo. A fenced area of the Victoria Falls National Park had an over-population of buffalo and at least 100 needed to be removed as grazing had become a problem. A deal was made between CAMPFIRE, Hwange Rural Council and the National Parks authorities to move 100 buffalo from the park to Sidinda. The African Wildlife Management and Conservation capture unit under Nicholas (NJ) La Grange was commissioned to capture and translocate the buffalo. The operation took a couple of days, and the buffalo were released into an enclosed boma within the core area so as to acclimatize them. Supplementary food was brought in and fresh water pumped into troughs. After a month in the boma the buffalo were released into the core area. Under favorable conditions buffalo numbers build up very quickly, and the hope is that within a couple of years they can be pushed out into the larger area. The next stage of the project is to re-introduce the other proposed wildlife species into the core area.

One of the problems associated with hunting concession leases in many parts of Africa is the length of tenure. Safari operators are reluctant to invest time and money into an area only to lose it to another operator after a few years. Lindon and Tinie approached the Hwange Rural Council with a plan to increase the length of their lease from five years to 15 or 20 years with a progress review every five years. The council agreed, and Lindon and Tinie are confident that their plan to rehabilitate the area will succeed. The Sidinda rehabilitation project is a refreshing one amid the general doom and gloom surrounding the state of Africa’s wildlife and wilderness.

The Hunter Proud sponsored documentary “Custodians of Wilderness: Sidinda, Zambezi Valley” will be released in January 2019.[/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F14-15||target:%20_blank|”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”19647,19648,19649,19650″][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Tripod versus 4 Stable Stick®: Range Analysis

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F158-159||target:%20_blank|”][vc_column_text]Tripod versus 4 Stable Stick®: Range Analysis
By Mike Arnold

I was very dubious.

That’s the only word to describe my internal response when my Blaauwkrantz Safaris PH, Arnold Claassen, arrived with his newest purchase. He pulled his new gun-rest out of the packaging and explained that it would give me a stable platform from which to shoot a grey (bush) duiker, an animal that would be fortunate to achieve 50 cm of shoulder height and a weight of 18 kg. Though I enthusiastically exclaimed, “Great!” I was actually brimming over with unspoken doubts. Looking at his ‘Bush Stick’ model from 4 Stable Stick®, I made a single observation: there were only two points of contact with the ground. My deluxe tripod, as expected, had three. My first thought was, “How can this possibly lead to less wobble than my ‘sticks’.” My second thought was, “I am in serious trouble.”

What I did not appreciate from my cursory examination of Arnold’s new client-help was the fact that my stock would be cradled back and front. I should have made the connection with an earlier conversation between, Phil, an experienced African hand and myself at my shooting club back in the States, but I did not.

Phil had approached me at the range when I was practicing with my tripod. He asked what I thought of the rest. I told him that I could not keep my rifle from having a significant horizontal wobble. So, rather than just aiming and letting off the shot, I was being forced to time my shots when the sight pattern wobbled to the correct point-of-aim.

Needless to say, I was not happy with my accuracy. He told me that the key was to have something to stabilize your “back” arm (that grasped the pistol grip and trigger) and thus the butt of the stock. One PH of Phil’s had accomplished this stability for his clients by allowing them to rest their back elbow on his shoulder. I wish I had remembered this conversation before we went after my grey duiker, because I might have been a bit more confident and thereby enjoyed the hunt.

Another point, before I move on to the conclusion of my duiker hunt, and then to the Range Comparison of my tripod and the two, 4 Stable Stick® models: Videos and books that discuss African hunting emphasize the need to become proficient (read, ‘accurate’) with tripod rests because that is what the hunter will be using during his/her safari. Unfortunately, regardless of what is written (or depicted on film), few of us ordinary, run-of-the-mill hunters will find a tripod to be as stable as suggested by professional writers and those appearing on TV hunting series. Whatever the reason (most likely actual differences in the proficiency of professionals versus non-professionals!), many hunters, using tripod rests, are unable to achieve the accuracy necessary for field shooting unless provided with additional stabilization. Using myself as an example, starting months before my safari, I practiced once a week, firing 20-30 rounds from my 7mm Remington Magnum and 10-15 rounds from my .35 Whelen Improved. Once my rifles were sighted in, I fired only from my tripod, but I eventually resorted to shooting only at 100 yards due to my lack of accuracy at 200-300 yds.

What is the catalyst for the following range test? That brings us back to my hunt for a grey duiker. I had never fired a shot from Arnold’s Bush Stick rest. So, when the pygmy antelope charged out of the incredibly thick Eastern Cape brush – drawn out by Arnold’s work on his varmint call – I was amazed at how there was absolutely no wobble as I tilted the rifle and rest to sight down the slope at the little male. My whispered, “What is the range?” was answered immediately by Arnold’s, “Shoot him!”

I finished the trigger pull and the little animal folded. Right after my shot, Arnold informed me that his rangefinder had registered 107 yards. This was not a long distance, to be sure, but remembering a shoulder height of approximately 50 cm and a weight of less than 18 kg, the shot should have been quite difficult for me. I was thoughtful as we headed down the slope. This was the final animal of my safari, so my experience left me wondering whether or not it had been a stroke of luck that the Bush Stick had given me such a steady rest. That is the catalyst for the following range trial involving a comparison of a high-quality tripod with the Bush Stick and Mountain Stick models from 4 Stable Stick®.

Materials and Methods

The rifles used in this range test were a Model 700 Remington in 7mm Remington Magnum and a custom-built rifle in the wildcat cartridge, .35 Whelen Improved. The ammunition for both firearms was handloaded by the author. For the 7mm, IMR 4350 powder and 175-grain Nosler Partition bullets were used, obtaining a (chronographed) velocity of 2800 fps. For the 35-caliber, IMR 4064 powder and 250-grain Nosler Partition bullets were used, obtaining a (chronographed) velocity of 2400 fps.

A total of 72 and 48 cartridges were fired using the 7mm Remington Magnum and .35 Whelen Improved, respectively. Five shooting sessions (on separate days) were used in this analysis. Three shots were fired from each type of rest (bench, tripod, Mountain Stick (seated position) and Bush Stick (standing position), at each of the distances, 100, 200 and 300 yards respectively (91.44, 182.88 and 274.32 metres) for the 7mm, and 100 and 200 yards respectively (91.44 and 182.88 metres) for the .35 Whelen Improved.

In order to better simulate hunting conditions, each of the three shot groups was fired quickly (all shots fired within approximately 45 seconds), forcing the repeated and rapid acquisition of the target. This resulted in larger group sizes than have been achieved by using more deliberate firing (data not shown). After each session, the greatest spacing between shots within each group (for each of the combinations of distance and type of rest), was recorded. Once all range work was completed, these data were used to calculate the mean greatest distance for each of the caliber/distance/rest combinations.

I purchased the tripod utilized in this analysis from a leading manufacturer of African hunting gear and clothing. As stated before, the ‘Bush Stick’ was purchased from 4 Stable Stick® (62 Allée des peupliers, 33000 Bordeaux, France). The ‘Mountain Stick’ was sent to me by 4 Stable Stick® for inclusion in my analysis. All products were used as directed by their manufacturers, and all were in excellent condition.

Still photos were used to document the various stages of the study.

Results and Discussion

Results from both the 35 and 7mm calibers were consistent with regard to the accuracy obtained by each of the various rests. The tripod was the most inaccurate rest type by a large margin (see Bar Graphs). Means of the 3-shot group sizes, for each of the other three rest types were similar, with the bench producing slightly larger or smaller groups for some range/caliber combinations than either the Mountain or Bush Stick. These latter two rest types yielded nearly identical results; the smallest group sizes were obtained in all of the caliber/distance combinations using either the Mountain Stick, Bush Stick or bench.

In terms of the rest types that yielded the most-to-least accurate shooting, the order was Mountain Stick=Bush Stick ≥ Bench >>> Tripod. It may seem surprising that the group sizes from the bench, particularly in the trials involving the .35 Whelen Improved, sometimes exceeded those of both the Mountain Stick and Bush Stick. However, the bench rest did not involve the securing of the butt portion of the rifle. Thus, though much more secure than the tripod, the bench rest sometimes lacked the steadiness afforded by both of the 4 Stable Stick® products. Ironically, the bench was intended as the ‘control’ rest type that was expected to produce the smallest group sizes. Instead, it provided an important indicator of why the Mountain and Bush Sticks gave such improved accuracy – it was due to the securing of both the forend and butt of the firearms.

The inaccuracy of the tripod rest was caused by the instability of the butt portion of the rifle. However, this reflects a positive aspect of this rest type; the tripod allows rapid, horizontal realignment of the sights on a moving animal. It is more difficult to horizontally realign the rifle using either of the 4 Stable Stick® products, without lifting the entire unit. In contrast, vertical realignment with the Mountain Stick and Bush Stick is instantaneous, requiring the shooter to simply lean backward or forward; an equally steady shooting platform is obtained through the entire range of motion.

Though equivalent accuracy was obtained from the Mountain Stick and Bush Stick, the former model allows the user to shoot from a variety of positions – kneeling, sitting and standing. Thus, this model can be used as a standing rest when stalking, but can be quickly reduced in height to allow the hunter to fire from a sitting or kneeling position. Furthermore, the telescopic legs allow firing from slopes when hunting in mountainous terrain.

A very significant aspect of the three rest types is that all are rigid enough to be used as walking sticks. In this regard, though both of the 4 Stable Stick® products will likely be lighter than most tripod rests, the difference in weight is unlikely to be great enough to cause increased fatigue for the user.

Finally, all of the rest types can be reduced in size for travelling in a hard-sided gun case. However, the Mountain Stick is the most straightforward in this regard because its telescoping legs allow quick reduction in size with no disassembly required. In contrast, both the Bush Stick and tripod must be broken down into component parts for transport and then reassembled on arrival in the hunting camp.

Conclusions

The results of this analysis are clear. If a hunter wishes to have the greatest accuracy, they should utilize a rest that secures both the forend and butt of their firearm – both the 4 Stable Stick® Mountain Stick and Bush Stick provide this design feature. This stability did come at the cost of reduced horizontal mobility. However, most hunters (and their guides/PHs) will not be comfortable with shots taken at moving animals, so this limitation may be less of an issue than first appears. Furthermore, the significantly improved accuracy over tripod rests, for both calibers and at all distances, suggests that it will be much more ethical for hunters such as myself to use products like the Bush Stick or Mountain Stick.

The flexibility provided by the Mountain Stick, in terms of shooting positions, argues for its inclusion in most shooting and hunting applications. Because of the findings from this analysis, I will be using the Mountain Stick over the next several months while preparing for another African safari, and it will travel with me to Africa as an essential piece of equipment.

4 Stable Stick® (62 Allée des peupliers, 33000 Bordeaux, France; https://4stablestick.fr/gb/11-4-stable-stick; Phone: +33684821251).[/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F158-159||target:%20_blank|”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”19772,19773,19774,19776,19771″][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Namibians speak up on rhino horn trade and hunting

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F22-23||target:%20_blank|”][vc_column_text]Namibians speak up on rhino horn trade and hunting

By John Ledger

Namibia leads Africa in its progressive environmental and wildlife policies. The legalisation of community-owned conservancies has seen hundreds of thousands of hectares of communal land under various forms of wildlife protection and management. Both subsistence and trophy hunting are seen as essential components of a wildlife-based economy. Implementation of these pragmatic policies has seen wildlife thrive in Namibia. Like other African countries, Namibia is subjected to constant pressure by the animal-rights and anti-hunting crusaders. However, this country is blessed with some fearless and outspoken proponents of their Namibian wildlife and hunting policies. They are calling again for a legal trade in rhino horn, and hopefully the other countries of the region whose rhinos are being targeted by the illegal trade (there is no other trade allowed!) will join Namibia and stand up to CITES and the misguided individuals and organisations that have supported a ban on the trade in rhino horn for 41 years! In this contribution we look at some recent reports that speak to Namibia’s determination to ensure that its wildlife is valuable to those who own and look after it.

Dr Chris Brown, Chief Executive Officer of the Namibian Chamber for the Environment (NCE) said the following in his 2018 report-back to NCE members:

“We need to move from a ‘primary production’ land-use economy based on meat and protein sales (where we are highly uncompetitive globally) to a ‘service-based’ land-use economy where we break through the low primary production ceiling, are far less vulnerable to climatic events, and are highly competitive on the global stage. This model includes buffalo as part of the wildlife mix, and it includes an international trade in rhino horn.”

In an e-mail to NCE members and others on 3 December 2018, Dr Brown said:

Dear NCE Members and friends,

Many thanks to all who attended our end-of-year function on Thursday evening last week – a turn-out of almost 100 people from the environmental NGO sector and a great evening. Attached please find a pdf version of John Hank’s guest talk and a copy of my ‘2018 in a soundbite’.

Also significant is Minister Shifeta’s comments on the importance of establishing a rhino horn trade, in this morning’s Namibian Sun. There is a growing consensus amongst long-established conservation organisations and individuals in southern Africa on the urgent need for a well-organised legal trade as soon as practically possible. Attached please see a flier sharing the views from Swaziland. Swaziland, on their own, submitted a motivation to the previous CITES meeting to legalise rhino horn trade – it was not successful. This needs all southern African rhino range states to work together to make it happen.

Extracts from an article by Ellanie Smit in the Namibian Sun, 3 December 2018:

Poachers will ‘kill every single rhino’

If rhino owners are not allowed to harvest and legally sell horns, poachers will kill every last rhino in Namibia.

This is according to Environment Minister Pohamba Shifeta, who was speaking last week at a meeting where the poaching situation in the country was discussed.

Shifeta said the price of a rhino horn has skyrocketed and is currently about N$900 000 per kilogram. ‘It is going up every day.’

He said if rhino range countries could sell rhino horns, the price will go down because the demand would still be there. According to Shifeta, poachers and consumers are looking for ivory and rhino horns for their medicinal value.

‘The demand is there, whether we close the legal market or not.’

Shifeta said at the moment it is too costly for private farmers to keep rhino. ‘Should owners be allowed to harvest and sell horns it would be economically viable for them. The criminal is looking for the horn, if there is no horn, he will not risk his life to shoot the rhino. If we do not do this, many more rhino will be killed. They will come for the last rhino until it is dead”

Extracts from the Address by the NAPHA President, Danene van der Westhuyzen at the NAPHA AGM held on 27 November 2018:

“Honourable Minister of the Environment, Pohamba Shifeta, invited guests, ladies and gentlemen – and all protocol observed…

The Namibia Professional Hunting Association marked its 45th year of existence in 2018. It is an achievement to be proud of. NAPHA’s milestone is important because it speaks of our history, reminds us why we live the way we do and why we are where we are. It also reminds us to learn from mistakes and strive to become better. It helps us understand how people and societies behave. The past causes the present, and thus the future. Furthermore, history contributes to moral understanding, but more importantly, it shapes our identity.

Namibia’s history includes a broad repertoire of skills and interests, cultivated over years of evolution, and the concurrent shaping of culture.

In Namibia, hunting is an integral part of a successful conservation model that benefits communities, wildlife and natural ecosystems. Twenty years ago, Namibia’s total population was 1,655 million people, with a density of 2.01 persons per square km. Today, our population stands at 2,587 million people with a projected 3,686 million people by 2038.

Namibia is a country that still offers the marvellous wide-open spaces, and habitats for all species to roam freely. But more importantly it has proved beyond any doubt that its conservation efforts for all game species have benefited through responsible hunting. Despite the growth of our human population, our elephant population has increased from 7,000 to 23,500 over the last 20 years, while the lion population in the northwest has increased from 20 to 150. We have the world’s largest free-roaming populations of cheetah and black rhino, and well over 70% of Namibia is under one or other form of conservation management. This makes for one of the world’s largest contiguous areas of protected land. We have more wildlife in Namibia today than at any time in the past 150 years.

NAPHA, as well as our Ministry of Environment and Tourism, has demonstrated abundantly and with ample merit that conservation through hunting WORKS!

Nevertheless, we are faced with international bans on trophy imports, airline bans and charges on transporting hunting rifles and trophies, extreme social media uproar and aggressive anti-hunting campaigns to the extent of identifying hunters and sending them insulting hate mail and even death threats. The anti-hunting community likes to deceive the world and blames the decline in African wildlife numbers seen in other countries on hunting, but refuses to distinguish between legal hunting and poaching.

Not to mention the over-exploitation and growing environmental footprint from over-tourism. An increase in asphalt roads, electricity lines, water usage, mountains of garbage and a never-decreasing list of requirements and needs to be met for the tourist wanting to observe game from already worn-out gravel roads. By contrast, one hunter seeks nothing more than unspoiled open landscapes, and wild animals unaffected by humans. Such a hunter brings the same amount of revenue into our country as roughly 2,000 tourists.

NAPHA members operate responsibly within the framework of the law, within the ethics of our profession and our code of conduct, and with the aim to protect wildlife and its habitat from modern society. I cannot even imagine the cost of reclaiming and restocking a formerly pristine wilderness area after it has been totally destroyed by poaching, overgrazing, timber cutting and over-tourism. In principle, any system that is self-reliant is also self-motivating and produces the best results. No businessperson worth their salt is stupid enough to neglect the resource on which they depend.

Who are the culprits when it comes to conservation? Who are the senseless killers? Is it those who oppose hunting or is it the poacher that kills wildlife out of poverty? Is it me who selectively hunts old males, thereby raising money to protect all the wildlife and their habitat, or those who publish wrong information or who are raising millions of dollars to misinform the public and demonise hunting? A lie doesn’t become the truth, wrong doesn’t become right, and evil doesn’t become good, just because it is accepted by the majority.

NAPHA members play a leading role in conservation. We invest in and conduct studies and scientific assessments, and as science progresses, our members are the final implementers. However, many people tend to ignore our local knowledge, which is vital in conservation – why is this going to waste?

And yes, it is an indisputable fact that hunting provides the necessary economic incentive to conserve our wilderness areas, and to justify them against the pressures of alternative use like agriculture and livestock keeping. Hunting is the ONE THING that preserves habitat – and without a healthy and natural habitat, we won’t have any wildlife left. We do not merely hunt, we are also nature lovers who strive for sustainable and ethical hunting methods that contribute to conservation strategies.

BUT, ladies and gentlemen, hunting is ALSO an indelible part of our history and has its place in teaching us who we are. It provides us with an expansive sense of what it means to be a human being, where we fit into the circle of life, our rightful role of participating in nature, and therefore representing the fact that no being is omnipotent or invulnerable. It tells us that as powerful and dominant as even the kings and emperors of their respective domains are, one day, they too will be subject to failure and collapse. We are anchored to this world just as the smallest insect is, and as such our fates are entwined. We all will experience the wheel of natural progression. Hunting makes us realise our place in this world.

In the end we conserve only what we love. We love only what we understand. And we understand only what we are taught. I am convinced that if you want to save something – your soul, your heart, your relationships, your marriage, your family, your country or the world – you stand up and fight. No excuses, no detours, no debates, no patience – you stand up and say, enough is enough! And this is what we will do.”

Dr John Ledger is an independent consultant and writer on energy and environmental issues, based in Johannesburg, South Africa. John.Ledger@wol.co.za[/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F22-23||target:%20_blank|”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”19783,19784,19785″][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Had a Great Safari? Have Some Great Photos

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F156-157||target:%20_blank|”][vc_column_text]Had a Great Safari? Have Some Great Photos.
By Jofie Lamprecht

Here is some common-sense advice for packing, techniques, and spots not to miss while on safari in Namibia.

Before your leave:

  • Synchronize the times on all your cameras and phones. This way, once you get home you can dump all the images into one file and organize them chronologically to have them in the right order of your safari.
  • Equipment
    • Don’t take too many gadgets – you won’t use them!
    • Take equipment that is as compact and useful as possible.
    • I am a Canon guy. I am often asked to compare Canon and other leading brands – it is like comparing a gorilla with a chimpanzee…
  • My suggestions for a packing list a camera-bag would include:
    • Camera body
    • Lenses:
      • Short lens for trophy photos and scenic shots
      • A telephoto – my favorite is Canon’s 70 to 200 mm f2.8. Lightweight and highly light-sensitive, when combined with a 1.4 converter gives you an awesome all-round telephoto lens, with an aperture of f4 that is manageable by all ages and sizes.
      • Make sure to put UV filters on your lenses. This is to protect the front element from dust and scratches.
      • I am a big fan of polarizing filters. I leave mine on all the time.
    • Your phone
      • Most photos in the world today are taken with phones.
      • Make sure you read up on special features that your phone has before your leave.
      • Yes, even that phone in your pocket has features such as: high-dynamic-range, exposure, focus and different cropping styles.
      • Avoid zooming in on phone cameras – this is usually not an optical zoom, but a digital zoom – simply cropping down your image and reducing quality.
      • Please take note that even if your phone does not have service, the GPS is still fully functional. This is especially important when traveling to places with species like rhino, elephant and lion. Geo-tagging gives poachers locations of animals and you might inadvertently be giving them the information they need to kill these wonderful beasts.
    • Tripod
      • Full size tripods are great, but rarely used, and a real pain to travel with. Try and find a small collapsible tripod for those moments you don’t want to miss:
        • Often you want to get members of the party in the shot, and the camera is handed to someone that has never taken a photo before. Composition and horizon, heads or horns cut off.
        • By setting up your camera and either using a timer or a cable release, you can avoid this.
      • Batteries
        • Make sure you have enough batteries and that they are charged.
        • A good idea is to use a permanent marker and write the date you purchased your batteries on each to see when they are getting old and not holding a charge anymore.
        • Flashes and any other gadgets should have enough spare batteries too.
        • Try and use rechargeable batteries where you can. The wilds of Africa are not the place to dispose of one-use batteries.
        • Find out what charging options there are in camp. Car chargers as well as solar options are very efficient and helpful.
      • Memory card and back up:
        • My advice is to buy smaller memory cards and have a lot of them. A lot of people these days buy giant memory cards and use one or two cards for their trip:
          • What if one of these cards fails / gets lost / is broken?
        • Back up your photos daily onto a laptop / external storage device – today there are so many options.
        • Travel with memory card and back-ups in separate places – hand-luggage and check in – that way you will always have a back-up if something goes missing.
        • Internet is too slow or capped in Africa to store image on the “cloud” while on safari. Do this when you get home.

Tips that will help you take better trophy photos:

  • A lot of trophies are photographed between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m:
    • Harsh light bleaches out these images.
    • Try fill flash with heavy underexposure
    • Use a polarizing filter – this will make your sky a beautiful blue
  • Be respectful to the game and our sport:
    • Clean and free it of blood
    • Ensure tongue isn’t hanging out
    • A packet of baby wipes or a bit of water will help clean you and your trophy
    • Motivate your staff to help you
    • Don’t ride the trophy like a rodeo bull
  • Take your time:
    • You can’t go back, so take a few extra minutes to make sure everything is perfect before you start photographing
    • Work on different angles for different trophies
    • Don’t get stuck in a rut of always taking the same boring trophy photos
  • Look for beautiful backgrounds and composition:
    • Allow the horns to have skyline
    • Horns are lost with cluttered backgrounds
    • Make sure there are no distractions such as fences or vehicles in the background
    • If you must, load and move the animal to a better location – do so quickly so the animal does not stiffen up (especially cats)
    • Try to make best use of location where the trophy was taken
  • Keep the sun at your back:
    • If possible, but try breaking this rule – you might be surprised with the result
  • Take the photo from as low as possible to show the animal at its best
  • Be sure to remove any grass or leaves between the photographer and the trophy
  • Cameras are coming with flip-out LCDs – this is great for not getting dirty!
  • Black & White, Sepia & Colour
    • Rather shoot in colour – in post-production you can always convert images. You cannot convert a black and white or sepia image to colour
  • Dust and flash
    • After sunset – make everyone stand still so that the dust can settle – it looks like snow in your photo
    • Use a tripod
  • Don’t sit three meters (9 feet) back to make the trophy look bigger. Have the hunter put their hand on the animal to give the viewer a reference point
  • Try different poses
    • Classic broadside animal with the hunter behind it
    • Head-on, with the hunter sitting behind the animal’s tail
    • Be sure to take a few vertical shots and frame your subject tightly
    • Be sure to get a few pictures with hunting buddies and trackers – and don’t forget the PH
  • Look at other hunters’ trophy images and try to replicate the image you like.
  • Take photos of signs you pass so that you can remember them and write them down later

Wildlife photography tips:

  • Decide before you get there: Do you want a ‘check list’ photographic safari that you try and see as much as you can, get a quick photo and carry, or do you want quality images?
    • The best and most memorable images require patience. Get your guide to suggest a good waterhole and spend the day there.
    • Get set up and wait. Observe.
    • Window mounts and / or bean bags are useful to hold your camera for a steadier shot.
    • Anticipate movement, shoot a lot and often. With digital photography you can simply delete images you don’t want later.
    • In first, out last with a nice long lunch break. Light is one of your most important factors with photography. The ‘golden hours’ being the first and last hours of the day. Get set up and wait. Take a nice nap at lunch time when the light is brightest and flattest.
    • Be aware of what is going on around you.
    • Remember to take a break and enjoy your surroundings. Hiding behind your camera will sometimes make you miss magic moments on safari.
    • Have fun!

See more than your hunting area. A lot of visitors land at the airport, go to the hunting area, and then once finished hunting, return to the airport and leave. You have traveled at great expense to get there – you might as well stay a few more days and explore the country.

7 best photographic spots in Namibia:

  • Sossusvlei or NamibRand – the iconic red sand dunes. Sossusvlei is incredible, but can be crowded. Miss the crowds and go to NamibRand. Year round.
  • Skeleton Coast – the historic town of Swakopmund, sand dunes, dolphin cruise, desert tour, and fishing. Year round.
  • Damaraland – stark scenery with an amazing amount to wildlife.
  • Etosha National Park – wildlife Mecca and is good year-round. From late May into the dry season wildlife viewing becomes exceptional.
  • Mahango and Bwabwata National Parks on the Okavango and Kwando rivers – both rivers have an amazing variety of mammals as well as bird life. Make sure to read up on your military history of this part of the world. Stick to marked roads and listen to officials.
  • Koakoland – not for the faint-hearted. In the far north-west of Namibia lies this culturally and scenically beautiful area. To drive you will need some expertise, and multiple landing strips give easier access via air.
  • Bushman Land – to the first hunters. A trip to Bushman land is both heart-breaking as well as humbling. You are swept up in this ancient and dying culture of people, and mesmerized by their talents and way of life. A must bucket-list stop.

In closing. When you have tagged out, go and see more of the country. Ask your PH if he would like to go home to his family? He has done his job already – and arrange another guide to show you around.[/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F156-157||target:%20_blank|”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”19754,19755,19756,19757,19758,19759,19761,19762,19763,19764,19765,19766″][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Extreme Bowhunting

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F112-113||target:%20_blank|”][vc_column_text]Extreme Bowhunting
By Dr Adrian de Villiers

There comes a time when you may be forced to take a very long shot because you only have one chance which may not come again…

Extremely long shots in archery are not recommended under normal conditions, and they are not recommended for beginners. I have been teaching bowhunting techniques for 35 years, and I have always taught hunters to stay within their limitations with respect to the range at which they are prepared to take a shot. This range should be determined not only by how accurately you can shoot at said distance, but by the momentum of the arrow at that distance, and the use of laser range-finding equipment to get the exact range.

An arrow shot into the air at a 45 degree angle from an 80 lb bow should travel between 400 and 900 metres, depending on the make of the bow, the draw weight and the weight of the arrow, and the draw length of the archer. With a razor-sharp cut on impact, that broadhead arrow will kill almost anything it hits, including humans. So it must be treated with care and respect like any other deadly weapon.

There are two ways to determine your hunting distance limit. The first – knowing your accuracy at that distance. Old archery videos and books say it is at the distance you can regularly hit a paper pie plate or about an eight-inch circle. I disagree. I would rather say a tennis ball-sized object.

Also, if you have the training and genetic ability to shoot very far and the correct equipment to do so, you’ll be limited by your archery sight, and I’ll explain why. The archery sight has a fibre optic pin that you use to place on the target that you wish to shoot. You will either have five or six pins set up for each distance, or one floating pin that you can set for an exact distance given to you by your laser range-finder. As you shoot further and further out, your pin will drop lower and lower within the sight to allow the bow to be angled higher and higher for the shot.

Depending on a number of factors, your sight will eventually drop to a point where the arrow will hit it, and beyond that you cannot shoot. Obviously, the heavier the arrow, the shorter the draw length and the slower the bow, so the sight will hit the arrow much sooner. I have some very similar bows with a limitation of 75 m and another at 120 m, so that would be their natural distance limitation. By moving the peep sight you could get the bow to shoot further, too, but we won’t go into that now.

At my home I can only shoot 30 m in my driveway, so that is my regular practise distance, but as soon as I get to the farm I practise at 70m. I also walk in the bush and shoot at anthills, usually restricting myself to 90m.

When I teach bowhunting, I tell clients to practise the very long shots – not to hunt at that distance, but to use it when an animal is accidentally wounded and requires a second shot. Often when it is wounded and alert, it’s not easy to get as close as you want for the second shot.

If you have been walking and “Stump shooting” – picking spots on sand mounds, anthills and river banks to keep in tune with your equipment -and you get an opportunity to shoot one of those crazy long shots, you might feel comfortable to do just that. But you must still choose your shot with great care. Make sure the animal or animals have no idea you are there, and that they are relaxed and grazing calmly or snoozing in the shade. If there is a slight rustle in the leaves or a background noise like running water, all the better.

Don’t aim at a small target like the heart – it’s too low down and near the edge of the body, and a near miss could hit a leg or hit too low. I advocate shooting in the middle of the chest where you have the greatest margin for error. I have a crosshair sight, and I place the vertical axis up the front leg and the horizontal axis through the middle of the body. When I’m shooting longer shots I am a lot calmer than when on very close shots.

My statistically proven, most successful bowhunting distance is between 50 and 60 m (55 and 66 yards). At this range, with the arrow traveling at 280 fps (93 yards per second), the animal has less than one second to lift its head, realise the sound was abnormal, and engage four-leg-drive. They usually take .5 sec to register an abnormal sound, and have less than .5 seconds to move enough to escape the deadly projectile. It’s called “String jumping”.

Early one morning I was taking a leisurely walk through fairly open country when I saw a movement through the thick buffalo thorn bush in front of me. The sun was already up and I was trying my best to stay in the shadowy areas. Skirting around the darker side of the tree, I saw 13 gemsbok grazing peacefully, all broadside and all relaxed. Knowing one of them would definitely look up at any second; I took a range as quickly as I could and nocked an arrow. It was 73 m (80 yards). I had been practising 70 m daily all week, and was hitting a small rubber half-size pig at that distance.

I chose the gemsbok offering me the best shot and started to aim, but one of the herd spotted the movement and looked up. I knew one warning blast from that nose, and they would all run.

This was the moment of truth – I needed to shoot quickly and accurately, without rushing it too much or taking too long. The shot went off, and I watched the arrow arcing in the sky. As my gemsbok looked up, I saw a crimson patch develop just behind the front leg. Though the razor-sharp Slick Trick Broadhead had passed through the animal, it stampeded off with the rest of the herd, and 60m from where I had shot, they crossed a road.

The adrenalin rush kicked in and I started to shake, but I knew the shot was perfect. I immediately went to look for blood, and found a huge splash of it on the road, and not 20 m further on lay my trophy.

None of my animals go to waste: they are turned into biltong, T bones, and breakfast sausage. At home we almost exclusively eat low cholesterol, hormone- and antibiotic-free meat.

Another time, a waterbuck had been wounded accidentally when a very close frontal shot was deflected by an unseen branch. The animal was shot very close to a game fence and it had stampeded straight into the fence, and the trackers and I had thought that the animal had gone over the fence. On the dry hard ground no blood was seen beyond the point of impact with the fence. We alerted the neighbour to watch out for a wounded waterbuck, but it was soon forgotten.

Over a week later my head tracker told me saw at the river a waterbuck bull that appeared to be stumbling occasionally, and he wondered if it was the one that was wounded the previous week. I decided to look for it.

On the main road to the river I found fresh waterbuck tracks, and every fourth step showed that the right rear leg had slipped. I tracked him for a few kilometres quite easily.

The river road was almost four kilometres long with 200 m straight sections, and it was difficult to get really close. That day my bow was my 78# Elite “Ritual”, so I needed to be at least 70 m from the animal to get a shot. Finally, along a stretch where there was good shade cover along the bank, I spotted a huge waterbuck bull. Concealing myself in the brush I took out my trusty Leica 10 by 40 range-finding binoculars and watched him. He had no obvious injury and looked perfectly healthy from where I was 180 m away. I watched him for a good 15 minutes till he turned and started walking away from me.

Suddenly, at about the fourth step he seemed to stumble and catch himself. It was him, and I now knew I had to try and get him while I had him in my sights. As he rounded a bend, I sprinted to the next corner. Knowing that he would be watching his back, I dropped to the ground and crawled out to see where he was.

Humans have a very distinct shape from animals. To avoid detection, you need to change that shape, and a flat, crawling “animal” does the trick really well.

I was hoping he would stop and lie down somewhere where I could get closer than 70 m, but he just kept on walking and stumbling, though still very alert to his surroundings. I was about to run out of options as he was nearing the end of the river fence that now took a sudden right hand turn. If he walked back into the bush, I could lose him.

I was 140 m away with a 70 m pin, but decided to take a shot, knowing that it could be highly unlikely that I would hit him. My other option was to leave him, run back 4 km to the house, get my rifle and then try and find him again – not a feasible plan. So my move was out of desperation and not a decision I took lightly.

As he looked up the road away from me, I aimed about 6 m above him and released an arrow. The bright fletches, clearly visible, dropped well short, and the arrow slithered under his belly into the brush on the other side of the fence. He heard it, and turned to look into the brush behind him, where he had heard the arrow, thinking that was where the danger was.

I knew the next shoot would be ….“Last chance!” I doubled the elevation and concentrated on keeping the line on the shoulder. With a huge share of luck, the arrow struck the shoulder and the waterbuck was down. Strangely enough, when I examined him, I could not see what had caused him to stumble – there were no visible defects to his limbs.

That phenomenal shot was my best 140 m 0r 154 yards, and I don’t plan to try and break it any time soon! For all the critics out there who will be appalled by the chance must understand, I did not think I would be able to find him again if he walked into 600 hectares of thick bush and I did not want it to die a protracted death from a wound. Whenever a dominant waterbuck bull his injured other big bulls take advantage and often kill the wounded one.[/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”View article in E-ZINE” color=”orange” align=”center” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fafricanhuntinggazette.com%2Fspring-2019%2F%23spring-2019%2F112-113||target:%20_blank|”][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery type=”image_grid” images=”19641,19642,19643″][/vc_column][/vc_row]

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