Not Just Hunting in the Eastern Cape

Abigail with her white-horned blesbok bull at the Hotfire property.

By Abigail Prevost

 

I was not sure what to expect when we stepped off the plane in East London, but I got the feeling that the next two weeks were going to be something incredible – and my gut feeling was correct. We would be leaving with the experience of a lifetime and were already planning to come back in the next few years to this stunningly wild country.

 

My family and I spent the first two weeks of June in the Eastern Cape of South Africa at Hotfire Safaris, near Cathcart. After being in the air for almost 24 hours and taking three different planes from Calgary and finally to East London, we were all so excited to put our feet on the ground we would be hunting on. After collecting our bags, we were greeted by the two PHs from Hotfire, Pat and Ryan, whose light-hearted banter was the perfect cure for our airplane hangover.

 

The five of us split into two cars – Ryan took my older brother Jonah and his girlfriend Farrah while Pat took me, my younger brother Spencer, and my father Dean. As we drove the two hours north through the Eastern Cape to reach the property, I was stunned into silence by the beauty of the landscape. Maybe it was because I had never been on the African continent and the geography was so different from the dryness of Southern Alberta and the Canadian Rockies, but each rolling hillside we passed seemed more beautiful than the last. When the sun finally set, the blue sky was quickly replaced with a blanket of stars – more than I had ever seen in one place. I was again in awe of this country I knew so little about.

Stunning sunrise on our first morning at the Hotfire property.

At Hotfire, we had wonderfully designed tents for accommodations (including heated blankets which was greatly appreciated since we seemed to have forgotten that Canada is not the only country that gets cold in the winter) and a fantastic meal of local game accompanied by an array of delicious traditional side dishes. After dinner, we sat by a roaring fire with Ryan and Pat, getting to know one another. While everyone laughed around the fire, I was feeling a little bit nervous about the hunt the next day – it had been a few months since I’d held a rifle and I worried that I would be out of practice. This was also going to be my first big-game hunt.

 

The next morning, we headed out for some target practice. After hitting the swinging yellow target 100 meters away a few times, I felt much more confident in my shot.  Then in two cars we were off for our first taste of an African hunt. Ryan took Jonah, Farrah, and a pre-64 model 70 Winchester in .270 to search for a kudu bull and although the rest of us wished him luck, we were secretly hoping that it would be us who got the first animal of the trip.

 

Within a half hour of leaving target practice, Pat’s tracker Ayunda, had identified a few blesbok in the bush. We made 

our way in, following Pat towards the spot where he and Ayunda had seen it – stopping every so often for Pat to point out various species of wildlife. Then we dropped off Spencer and Dean to wait while Pat and I moved closer to the blesbok. (We found out later that they had got up close and personal with a warthog while we were gone.) Pat handed me the Mauser 98 in .270 with a suppressor, warning me, “It’s live,” before clicking on the safety.

Jonah with his nyala bull on the Hotfire property.

Bent-kneed and hunched over, we slowly crept through the bush with the rocks, trees, and brush giving us cover. When we were as close as we could get without the four blesbok bulls spotting us, Pat spread the shooting sticks and I lifted the rifle onto the stand and got comfortable. Through the scope I could see the four bulls running around, and Pat told me to look for the one whose horns had turned white at the front as that indicated that he was quite an old bull. The blesbok were unaware of our presence but kept hiding behind trees and lying down. After standing ready for a while and realizing the bull was not going to give us a shot from that position, Pat found another angle, and this time when I looked through the scope, I had a broadside shot on the old bull. The nerves started to come back once the safety was switched off and I felt a little shaky. I steadied myself with a deep breath, centered the scope on the spot above his front left leg, and gently squeezed the trigger as I breathed out. I reloaded but in the time that it took me to get a second bullet in the chamber, the bull jumped, then dropped down a few meters away. I could barely hear Pat’s congratulatory, “Nice shot” over my pounding heartbeats from by excitement and shock.

 

Meanwhile, at the other end of Hotfire, Ryan, Jonah and Farrah were stalking a kudu bull, Jonah’s first animal of the safari. He made such an impressive shot from one cliff across a valley to another cliff that we almost forgot about the truly gruelling trek that it took for us to get up there to help bring the animal down, and it took ten of us all together to carry the bull and the equipment – needless to say that we earned our dinner that night, which again was delicious.

 

After that first day, we fell into a routine: hunt in the morning, return to camp for lunch, go back out in the afternoon, return to camp, and sit around the fire talking until dinner. It was a routine that I really enjoyed, especially the evening fire. It was the perfect way to close each day’s hunt and wind down for the night.

 

At the end of our six days of hunting, we each had a trophy and many memories to take home to Canada. But Ryan and Pat were not finished with us just yet – we still had a week to go. We spent the afternoon of our seventh day bird hunting near Stutterheim, camouflaged behind huge stalks of corn. The hunt itself was enhanced by the sun slowly sinking over the horizon till it finally set and colored the sky just above to a faded purple, signalling that it was time to pack up.

We spent the following two days flyfishing at Gubu Lake surrounded by beautiful green hills – also just outside Stutterheim. There was a slight breeze which I didn’t consider when I was strapped into my float tube and began kicking towards the middle of the lake. I focused on practicing my cast. It was my first time flyfishing and as a result I stopped kicking. It’s hard to do two things at once. As I continually cast out my line the wind carried me to the opposite end of the lake, and it took me more time and effort to get back to shore as I was now moving against the wind. But after two days my legs were a lot stronger, my cast improved, and I was able to catch and release a decent-sized trout. The last night at Hotfire we lingered around the fire a little longer, reminiscing about our trip so far.

 

The following day we were off to Addo Elephant Park and then to Port Alfred. After seeing so many different species of wildlife at Hotfire – kudu, blesbok, wildebeest, warthogs, baboons, impala – I was not expecting to feel so overwhelmed at Addo. But, yet again, South Africa surprised me. Pat’s hawk-eyes spotted everything from hartebeest to black-backed jackal to even a dung beetle on the side of the road. Thank goodness for Dean with his Canon camera or there’d be no photographic evidence of our time at Addo. 

 

Patrick, Ayunda, and Spencer looking for warthogs on the Hotfire property.

Later in the afternoon we came across an Addo elephant. I knew they were big, but I truly had no idea how big until one came up right beside our Land Cruiser and I saw the size of its tusks and the length of its trunk. Though it was moving slowly, each step it took covered a lot of ground.

From a viewpoint in the park, we watched the sun slowly set behind the hills, the animals mere shadows in the evening light. We ended the day with a big family dinner – Pat and Ryan’s families came up to Addo to join us and we got to know a little more about our PHs.

 

In less the 48 hours we were in Port Alfred – bleary-eyed at the breakfast table before the sun had risen, ready to jump into our fishing boat for the day. I had never been deep-sea fishing before and thought, “It can’t be that hard.” Was I ever wrong! There are certain muscles in our body that don’t get much use, sitting in a university lecture hall taking notes – and it was these such muscles that ached for days after we got off the boat. I was completely taken aback by the strength required to reel in the collection of bottom feeders we were landing every couple of minutes.

 

But I loved every minute on that boat – the slight ache in my left arm from reeling in the fish, the rush of excitement when I felt a bite on the line, the communal celebration when someone landed a fish, and the brilliant orange on the horizon above the crashing waves as the sun rose over the back of the boat.

Spencer with his warthog on the Hotfire property.

From Johannesburg to Port Alfred, we covered a lot of ground in just fourteen days. We went big-game hunting, bird hunting, fly fishing, elephant spotting, and deep-sea fishing – and we can’t wait to come back and do it all again.

BIO

 

Abigail Prevost lives in Calgary, Alberta in western Canada. She works in consulting but enjoys many types of outdoor activities in her spare time, including bird hunting and fishing. Most of her hunting experience has been in Canada, though she hopes to travel for hunting more in the future.

Great Bulls of Fire

By Enrich Hugo

 

The smoke stings something in the lungs and the ash particles that whirl through the air tickle the nostrils. And occasionally we had to deal with glow around us. In addition to the ash, the air is full of insects and other small crawlies. Wherever you look, there are birds of prey that, in breathtaking maneuvers, catch mice and other small mammals fleeing from the fire.

 

We were in the north of Uganda, near the border to South Sudan, where the dry grass is being burned down to provide the soil with new nutrients that grow fresh green grass. As well as the abundant waterholes, this nutritious green grass provides the base for a thriving and diverse wildlife in Uganda. The Dark Continent wears many shades of green in Uganda, leaving no doubt as to why it is called the Pearl of Africa.

 

The starting point of our safari was the Kidepo Valley, where our hunting area is separated from the Kidepo National Park only by a gravel road. Everywhere you looked there were big herds of oribi and Jackson’s hartebeest. But our goal this time is to hunt Nile buffalo, which is only to be hunted in Uganda. It looks very similar to the Cape buffalo that is found in Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana and Tanzania. With a weight of 600 to 700 kilos, the Nile buffalo is about 200 kilos less than the Cape buffalo. It is a shade lighter in color than its stronger, almost black-colored cousin. Significantly more pronounced is the difference in the horn. Generally, the Nile buffalo’s horn is not as wide and has a slight downward curvature. This flatter curl gives it its characteristic beefy appearance.

Normally, I organize and accompany my hunting clients, but this time I was the hunter carrying the rifle. I was with Christian, who has been living in Uganda for years and has made a name as the leading outfitter from Uganda, and we have a long and strong friendship. I was excited and looking forward to hunting with him.

 

From my numerous hunting trips where I have accompanied my clients in Uganda, I know the hunting area already very well, but nevertheless I am always overwhelmed by the fauna and flora which is offered here. The temperature is extremely pleasant and there are no big differences between day and night as we know in other African hunting countries. The several light rain showers over the year are also a reason for the lush green which covers the country, but do not detract from the hunt. 

 

We used the first few days of the hunt to get a good overview and we repeatedly encountered large herds of Nile buffalo, which were often more than two hundred head strong, but this time we were on the way to find single bulls. Here, a buffalo is never shot out of a herd. Only old bulls expelled from the herd, known as Dagga Boys, are stalked and shot. These Dagga Boys were usually the lead bulls of their herd for years and have passed down their genetics over time. But even for these strong leadership bulls comes the time when a younger bull takes his place and he is rejected by the herd, and it is precisely this expulsion that makes the buffalo even more dangerous. These loners can no longer rely on the protection of the herd and are on their own.

Of course, the main threat is from lions, which have a much easier time attacking a single buffalo than an animal protected by a herd. Always keeping an eye on these threats makes them nervous, irritable and extremely dangerous. In some cases, several of these Dagga Boys join together in smaller groups. It is these two to five groups you must be extremely careful of.  Irritated, nervous, aggressive and an all-round radar of several pairs of eyes can define a buffalo as Dangerous Game.

 

We tracked one of these groups, a group of three.  They were still small black dots near the horizon, but the trained eyes of our trackers clearly confirmed them as Dagga Boys. Christian considered the situation, and we briefly discussed it with a tracker. It would not only be reckless and risky to stalk through the head-high grass between us and the buffalo, but it would also be a matter of luck if we stalked almost without knowing where to go. However, the wind was very good for us and Christian sent two of his trackers ahead.

We were on a small hill, and he could instruct his trackers by radio. Then they started to set a fire. The dry grass burnt like tinder and spread quickly with the wind in behind in the direction we wanted. In this controlled burning it is essential to know the area one hundred percent. The wind blew from east to west, and about two kilometres to the west it lead to wider gravel road which acts as a natural barrier to prevent the fire from spreading. Behind us, in the north, the grass had already been burnt a few days previously and therefore there was no dry grass left in that direction.

The fire was started in a small depression and Christian explained that there was a small waterhole where the buffalo could safely go to drink. The fire that was placed on the other side of us did not bother them, and as the wind was blowing our way, they did not smell us. And indeed, the three Dagga Boys walked undeterred in our direction. The two trackers joined us and we started our stalk, crouching and often on all fours. Without the protection of the high grass, we had to now proceed very carefully. We used every bush and tree that lay between the buffalo and us to hide behind.

Everywhere there were ash particles from the fire. It smelt of burnt insects, and over our heads flights of hawks and falcons were swooping for food. Again and again Christian stopped to scan with binoculars to see what the buffalo were doing. The careful stalking took much time, but the distance was decreasing between the buffalos and us. Just as Christian foresaw, they were moving towards the waterhole. After another half hour suddenly only two of the three bulls appeared on a small edge of the terrain. Somewhere between the last two smaller hills, number three must have decided to take a break in the shelter of a group of bushes and no longer followed the other two bulls. But we needed to take extra care now. Christian instructed one of the two trackers to wait and keep an eye on this edge of the terrain, and if the third bull should appear to tell us immediately by radio.

 

After more than three hours of stalking, we were now very close to the waterhole. And at that precise time, the two bulls appeared. The distance was now about 40 meters between us and the buffalo. The terrain in front of us sloped down, and from our cover we could easily watch the two buffalo. Both were very old boys. Numerous scars decorated their faces and bodies, irrefutable witness of many fights with their own kind, but also remains of attacks by lions. Each bull had a huge hard boss emphasizing his age as an old warrior.  But that was not the only thing that stood out. Both bulls had similar massive testicular inflammation. In all my many years as a professional hunter and hunting companion of my hunting clients, I had never have seen anything like it. Christian shook his head and said that it was a first for him. The two must have been in hell of a pain. The testicles were red to purplish-blue and were extremely long and swollen. There was no doubt that my goal should be to kill both and free them from their agony.

I had an open sight rifle without a scope in .460 Weatherby with Mauser system, with two cartridges in the magazine and one already in the barrel. Christian as backup carried a .500 Jeffery. By now the two bulls seemed to become nervous. I do not think they were aware of us, but it may be that they have sensed a predator. I decided to take the first shot on the right buffalo. My instinct told me that the other buffalo would turn to the left and escape to the open side of the terrain. Christian was ready as my insurance.

 

My first shot broke and the first buffalo went down where he stood. Automatically I reloaded. The second buffalo stopped after only 10 meters to see what had happened behind him. He took two steps towards the fallen buffalo, giving me enough time to take him too. The .460 Weatherby had done a great job. After a short wait in our cover, we went to inspect the beasts, and up close the inflammation looked a lot worse than we had already seen.

We took some tissue samples which Christian later handed over to the National Park Authority. One thing was certain. The game meat that is usually handed over to the local population to provide them with much-needed protein would be destroyed in this case, and the two buffaloes left to the vultures. For safety, Christian still ordered three park rangers to guard the carcasses until only the bones were left. He did not want to take any risks in case some people from the neighboring villages decided to acquire some pieces of meat.

 

For me, but also for Christian, this hunt goes down in our hunting history books. Both for him in Uganda and for me personally, it was the first double with two buffalos.  It could not have been better.

 

Once again, this proves that ethical hunting is a main tool of conservation.

 

The Baobab Buffalo

By Kevin Cunningham

 

It is almost a cliché to say that hunting Cape Buffalo is special. For me it began, curiously enough, many years ago hunting whitewing dove in Mexico with Ralf. Ralf was a successful, greying guy who loved the hunting and fishing life, and who was fortunate enough to have safaried in Africa from the time he was twelve years old. After a hot day of shooting doves, he and I would sip icy margaritas and he would reminisce about hunts and the animals he had taken – hissing crocs, trumpeting elephants, roaring lions, hyenas, baboons, leopards, horned plains game of every sort, and Cape buffalo. To my youthful ears it sounded like high adventure and a test of personal courage. Ralf had been everywhere and stalked everything, but he always came back for buff because, he said, they live up to their reputation for exchanging human damage for a poorly placed shot, and for fighting to the end, especially when they knew who killed them!

 

Fast forward thirty years to a lion-colored grass airstrip in the Save Valley of Zimbabwe. The little Cessna bumped down onto the hard dirt and came to idle in the shade under a towering baobab tree. When the engine shut off, all I could hear was the sound of the wind blowing a dust devil down the runway. A Toyota pickup drove to the plane. The driver got out, a junior professional hunter, introduced himself and me to the trackers, then loaded my gear. We watched the plane lift off over the tree line and turn north. I looked at the red ground and crackling dry landscape of thornbush and tan-barked trees with new green leaves brought on by early November rains. The horizon in every direction seemed 100 miles away. There was no sign of man. A lone silhouette of an elephant lumbered across the far end of the airstrip casting a silent shadow before the setting sun. I was back in big buffalo country, and only the fates knew what would happen over the next ten days.

 

After zeroing my rifles, we arrived at Sango Conservancy. This is the famed reserve of the Pabst Brewing Company family. It is managed to the highest standards in terms of protecting and preserving wild African animals in their free-range habitat and in a sustainable manner that includes very limited hunting. The hunts they allow are under strict quota and are conducted only with select PHs. The money raised helps to support anti-poaching, wildlife studies, and the feeding and livelihood of the workers and their communities. Those funds represent only a portion of the total personal cost to the owners in their continuing and tireless efforts to preserve 150,000 acres (60,000 hectares) of pristine African habitat and its precious wildlife.

 

Ingwe Camp, mine for this hunt, is a private camp, so I had the place to myself except for staff and my PH who stayed in a thatched bungalow across the compound.  I was greeted by staff with a tray of iced melon juice and cookies and shown around. Boss Rob, my PH, would be back shortly as he was attending business at headquarters. I stowed my gear and headed to the bar for an anesthetic after the 34-hour trek from Texas to Zim via Doha, Qatar. I settled into a leather chair on the veranda, watching the last light of sunset filter over the veld, sipped my iconic South African drink – a double brandy and Coke – and relaxed in proper bwana fashion.

A truck ground to a halt and a door slammed. In strode my friend and PH Rob Lurie. I had met Rob two years before under unfortunate circumstances. My previous PH,

Phil Smyth, had been killed by an elephant. Rob had stepped in along with other generous PHs to pick up Phil’s booked hunts for the benefit of Phil’s family, and so I had hunted the Senuko camp, about fifty kilometers down valley, with him the following year. We hit it off, and so when he called to offer me a hunt at Sango that another client had cancelled, I jumped at it.

 

Rob is head of the distinguished Zimbabwe Professional Guides Association. Though I have hunted with wonderful PHs from other parts of Africa I have been impressed with the professionalism that Zimbabwean PHs display as a result of their rigorous training and licensing program. Just ask any learner Zimbabwean PH what they have to go through to get a full license to escort clients into harm’s way. You would sooner sign up for Marine Corps boot camp and a couple of years in green hell than go the distance they go to get their ticket. Like Rob, the PHs I have had the privilege and honor to hunt with, are dedicated to preserving an ancient way of life. I got to share that life for the next ten days.

 

After a lovely dinner, more than enough Stellenbosch wine and catching up with Rob, I turned off my bedside lamp and sank into crisp sheets under a mosquito net. It was pitch dark. I listened to the trickle of the stream in the gully below and the chirping and calling of the night creatures. I thought of my rifles, going through a mental checklist – Dakota .416 Rigby bolt action with a new Swarovski Z8i 1.7-13×42 red dot scope for old eyes needing lots of light in often shadowy environments. For years my Z6i had served me well, but the improvements of technology over time enticed me into the new optics. They say in Africa, shoot the largest caliber you can shoot well. I chose the .416 Rigby as it is a legendary caliber for tough African dangerous game. I shot this rifle confidently and killed efficiently and humanely.  My other rifle on this hunt was a new, out-of-the box Hill Country Rifles custom .224 Valkyrie with a Z8i scope for smaller game. I had brought thirty rounds of ammo for each. For buffalo I prefer custom loads – 20 soft and 10 solids from Safari Arms with Swift A-Frame bullets – or whatever is next best available in the post-Covid market. Nothing against production ammo, but if I have the cash and order time, I want to know I have the best. For dangerous game, failure is not an option!

 

The morning knock-knock came at 4.00 along with a pot of coffee. An hour later, Rob and the team were waiting at first light with the truck.

 

Day one is always a wakeup call. This was real. I was jet-lagged. My shoes were stiff. I was not used to the new sling. I had conveniently forgotten the effect on my arms and shoulders of carrying what is a rather heavy rifle. That first walk of the morning was not like strolling to the shooting bench at home. My muscles were not in shape to follow much younger men all day. No taking a coffee break and chatting with a friend before going to lunch. A sip of water and let’s get on with it! That first day was meant to see how I walked in the bush, how I behaved, how I handled my rifle. By evening I was beat, but hopefully Rob could see that I was getting my muscle memory back, leaving my other life behind and getting mentally into the work at hand.

 

Over the next few days we bundu-bashed. Rob and I were in the cab while our trackers and game scout were above us on the top rack and bench where they could see what we could not. Around us monolithic grey boulders stacked up into kopjes. We bundled warmly in the early mornings and sweated in the afternoons, heads on constant swivel for sign and animals. There were the occasional close calls with unhappy elephants, appearing and disappearing lions, menacing shadows moving through the trees, and crocs feasting like Jaws on giraffe legs from the one that I had shot for bait. We ambushed a pair of klipspringers, and the trophy ram dropped to the shot from the .224. With that and a well-placed shot from the .416 on that old bull giraffe the day before, I was feeling good on the gun.

Over several days, we crossed paths with buffalo herds that had always passed that morning or the night before. The Dagga Boys’ tracks we saw were too either old or not big enough. One morning we glassed a herd that was climbing a steep bank on an island in the middle of a river opposite us. Most of the herd had moved into heavy cover. There was a big Dagga at the rear. He even looked big through my binos at 400 meters. I watched the tick birds on his rump. He paused, turning a black-horned head to watch us. He lifted his chin, stared, then disappeared in the blink of an eye into a wall of leaves. I was not too keen about crossing the croc-filled river barefoot to take up a stalk on this guy. 

Fortunately, Rob said the island was too dangerous to hunt. In it were poachers’ snares that caught and wounded elephants, buffalo, lion and leopard. Bumping into predators while hunting wounded animals in those tight quarters or, even worse, meeting wounded animals themselves, could be considered a life-altering experience. For once I was pleased to be excluded from the git-go!

 

As we stood on that riverbank looking at Monster Island (my name for it), I looked behind and around us and noticed the trackers doing the same. We were standing in a tunnel of twenty-foot-high reeds and tangled vines, no different from on Monster Island. I was last in line, so I watched our rear, wondering what shooting at close range in that tangle would be like with a scoped rifle.

 

We crept back out. I began to relax when we got back to the truck until I looked at Rob as he hurriedly started the truck and revved the engine. He was staring hard at a young cow with calf that was barreling down the narrow lane which was to be our exit 40 meters ahead. She came ears flared, trunk held high, and trumpeting. Behind us was another group of clearly nervous head-swinging bulls. I envisioned jumping from the truck at the last second before the inevitable collision, but luckily the cow suddenly backed off for a moment to check on her baby hidden in the bush nearby. Rob wasted no time in scooting past her with spinning tires and throwing up a cloud of dust.  I looked right into her eyes through Rob’s window as we passed.

 

 I am in no way a professional hunter. I have read Capstick and Boddington and John Taylor and whatever else I could find about African hunting. This time I was hunting my sixth Cape buffalo. I have spent hours looking through binos, hunkered down in grass or behind a termite mound. I have sat around fires talking to PHs and other buffalo lovers about what makes a great trophy. Early on I thought “wide” was the way to go, and then “drop” became the object. I got my “wide” in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and was lucky to have it rank 165 of the many buffalo recorded as of July 2019 in the SCI records. Now, after seven years of chasing them, I only hunt Daggas. Old warriors with fighting scars on their faces and necks, lion claw streaks on their backs, chunks of their hocks torn out by chewing beasts, healed in thick masses. I want to see dropped horns down low to their ears and lots of grey mascara under drooping and wrinkled eyes. I search for a boss that looks like the burl of an ancient oak. I hunt for a “character.”  A helmet of broken horn and one eye would be perfect! Past breeding age, they wander alone or in twos or threes, no longer fighting for herd dominance or breeding rights; they fight to survive another day unprotected except for maybe a loyal mate nearby. I have developed an affinity for them, a kinship that perhaps comes with my advancing age, knowing that there are no hospices in the bush and that the end can come unmercifully slower than from a well-placed bullet. Rob knows what to look for. I trust him when we have stalked two bulls through a searing afternoon only for him to call me off the sticks at the last moment because neither of them is a “proper Dagga.” All I want to hear is a whisper: “He’s a shooter!”

And so around 4.30 in the afternoon on the sixth day of the hunt, I put my boots back on swollen feet, bent down to stretch an aching lower back, and fumbled with my shoe laces with hands and arms stiffened from toting the .416. I was definitely on the old man side of the equation.

 

A buffalo had attacked some camp staff not far from our compound the night before. The same buff had chased a man up a tree two days ago in the same area just down by the creek. Rob thought that the culprit might still be in the neighborhood, so we were back in the truck. Sure enough, we cut two Daggas’ tracks in the road not a mile from camp. Rob switched off the engine and we rolled to a stop. The tracks were fresh and big.

 

As I stepped out of the truck, I put a round into my rifle’s chamber and felt my gut tighten.  I took two deep breaths, checked that I was on safety and fell in behind Rob and our lead tracker. What I like is that generally the stalk is a slow affair.  My legs are not what they used to be. Slow is good.  Making as little noise as possible I looked down, watching the heels of Rob’s boots as we angled down a forested hill towards the creek. I tried to step where he stepped and stop when he stopped. My heart picked up rpms as our progress got slower and more deliberate, until it was two or three steps, then stop and wait, a few more steps, stop and wait.

Then we stopped still. Rob looked through his binos, peering around a tree trunk. He slowly turned and smiled at me.

The lead tracker moved silently to a large boulder fifteen meters in front of us and slowly peered over the top. He froze. I could feel everyone’s tension rise. I concentrated on looking at Rob’s back in front of me, slowing my breathing to try to relax. Rob quicky moved forward and I followed close on. We reached the boulder. By hand signals the tracker told Rob that the companion buff had run away, but the older one was just on the other side of our boulder, perhaps twenty meters away and not seeing us because of the rock. However, the animal seemed to know something was afoot and was motionless. To our left at the far end of the rock was a small gully that opened into a hollow about four meters across. If the buff chose to go forward, he would emerge into that hollow to our left. In that case I would have a shot at him broadside from about 15 meters. Rob and I crept to that end of the rock and put up the sticks. Rob looked up to the tracker who by now was crouched about three meters above us on top of the rock, looking straight down at the buff just on the other side. The tracker’s hand fluttered.

 

“He is coming!” Rob whispered, this time clear urgency in his voice. “Get ready!”

 

I checked my safety to be sure it was at the half-on position. I gripped the fore end of the Dakota firmly in the V of the sticks and made sure my power was on low setting. Looking through the reticle down into the narrow hollow I could see the spot where I imagined the bull would step out. I waited, but nothing happened. I slowed my breathing again and stared through my scope, trying to blink as little as possible. Another minute passed. Rob gestured to the tracker above who signaled back that the animal was just standing still again, listening, smelling, sensing. Just then the tracker changed his hand, pointing in the opposite direction. The buff had turned around and was now moving back down the alleyway from where he had come. Rob and I moved quickly, resetting the sticks on a level place at the end of the boulder where the buff had first been observed. We were about a meter above ground level, but still partially hidden by rock, looking down at the place the buff where should now come out. I again set up on the sticks and waited. Events after that took on a dreamlike, almost like slow motion, but still quickly.

The buff emerged into a grassy area. I was on the sticks, moving my red dot around deliberately to find his center mass. He was facing us head down, eating little shoots of brilliantly green grass. He was lit up black and gold by the rays of the setting sun still bright over our shoulders. He looked up in our direction then turned slightly to his left in a quartering position. Rob hissed, “Now! Right on the shoulder.”

I shot. The red dot and all around it exploded in my reticle. The buffalo lurched forward instantly and came at us. I jacked another round into the rifle and shot at his hindquarter as he blindly plowed within a few meters of us, passing by our rock. I shot again, this time a raking shot from behind at 12 meters. With that he turned back towards us, coming to a stop at six meters from my rifle muzzle. For the briefest moment he looked up directly at us then turned broadside. At this point my scope was worthless as far as aim, so I looked over it, pulled the rifle in tight to my shoulder and basically shot-gunned my last round into his side just aft of his shoulder. In my peripheral vision I could see Rob’s double at ready in case the buff leapt onto the rock at us, but my last shot had turned him away. He trotted up the hillside near us. At about thirty meters he stopped in the shadow of a massive baobab tree and just stood there, blowing a mist of red with each deep breath. I could hear Rob saying, “Reload.” As I did so, the beast began to sway but his staunch legs would not buckle.

 

“Again. Shoot again,” Rob said.

 

This time I took careful aim on the sticks and put the last one just behind the shoulder crease halfway up the chest. He did not even flinch. The great head rose. He looked up at the tree and lay down. Still tossing his horns at his unseen enemy he bellowed once, then again, and all went still.

 

It is said in Mashonaland that only great chiefs may be buried under a baobab tree. The greater the chief, I suppose, the greater the baobab. When it is my time there will be no baobab. But I will always carry with me the memory of this valiant old chief and his tree, a sad, but good thing.

 

Ralf would have understood.

BIO

 

Kevin is a lifelong hunter who resides with his two black Labrador dogs on his ranch in Hunt, Texas.

 

Campfire Thoughts & Reminiscences Part 21

Written by Neil Harmse

 

 

Chapter 22. Useful Equipment for Shotgunners

 

The long-awaited day has finally arrived. You have your licence for your new shotgun and have collected it from the gun shop – and the season is open! You cannot wait to get out into the field and hunt game birds. You also have a cleaning kit, a game licence, a letter of permission to hunt and a supply of ammo, as well as the necessary eye and hearing protection. What else do you need?

 

Before we look at the basic needs for most wingshooters, just a reminder: buy the best you can afford and if you look after it, it should last a lifetime.

 

It is assumed that all potential hunters have a good supply of old denim or khaki trousers and shirts that can serve as “hunting clothes”. If not, there are many styles of outdoor hunting clothes available at shops and stores throughout the country. Camouflage patterns are not obligatory for game bird-hunting, except perhaps for pigeon and waterfowl (especially when the hunter is concealed and shooting from a hide).

 

Firstly, a good shooting vest or waistcoat is essential. Look for a practical and well-designed one, which should be available from most shops specialising in shotgun equipment and accessories. This should be a light waistcoat with enough room in large box pockets to hold numerous bits and pieces, such as a pocketknife, cord, a few snacks and energy bars, perhaps a pair of gloves, a few shotgun shells, a small torch and other items that may come in handy. It should also have a spacious inside pocket with a zip closure to hold your game licence, gun licence, car keys and smaller items such as earplugs. In addition, the shooting vest or waistcoat should have a large ‘game pocket’ at the back, with a blood-proof lining to hold a few game birds that you may have to carry back to your vehicle or camp. This will leave your hands free to handle your shotgun.

 

The next important thing to consider is footwear. Invest in a pair of comfortable and durable boots, just high enough to give some ankle support, especially when crossing uneven terrain or ploughed farmlands. Leather boots with durable soles and a good tread are ideal. Cared for with waterproofing leather treatment, saddle soap or Neatsfoot oil, these should give years of good service. When walking across the veld, you often get grass seeds, blackjacks, khakibos and other weeds and burrs sticking to your socks or entering your boots. The solution is to invest in a pair of gaiters which fit around and over your boots and ankles, helping to keep out all these irritating seeds and debris. These gaiters can be made of canvas, corduroy, leather or oilskin material. I find that gaiters which fold over the boots around the ankles and legs, and fasten at the back with a strip of Velcro and press studs, are a good option. They can be fitted or removed without having to take the boots off.

A cartridge belt.

If you are hunting in areas where there are wetlands or marshes, or perhaps doing waterfowl hunting around dams and rivers, a good pair of waterproof ‘wellies’ or even gumboots is worthwhile purchasing. Imported wellies, if available, are very expensive. A good option is a pair of polyurethane boots that are lighter and softer than normal PVC gumboot. These are supple and comfortable, reducing fatigue and providing excellent insulation because of their neoprene lining.

 

A comfortable, warm and waterproof jacket is a must for cold winter mornings, but this should also have spacious pockets and should be large enough to fit over a light pullover and shooting vest, as well as being comfortable enough to swing your arms when gunmounting without catching in your armpits.

 

Now, heading out into the field, you realise that you need more than just your pockets to store and carry your shotgun cartridges. The ubiquitous cartridge belt, which is designed to hold about 25 cartridges strapped around your waist, is one option. This seems to be an age-old tradition, but it has its drawbacks. Firstly, when loaded with 25 cartridges, it is quite heavy around the waist, somewhat uncomfortable and always seems to pull your pants down. What is more, the rims of the cartridges are always knocking against the stock of your gun and soon the wood begins showing numerous dents and dings, making it rather unsightly. A Payne-Gallwey-style cartridge bag with a hinged lid or cover that folds back, allowing easy access to the ammo, is a good choice. These are made in either leather or canvas and designed to hold 50-100 rounds. They hang over the shoulder from a strap and are quite comfortable for a day in the field. Another option is an ammo pouch, which also hangs from your belt and allows easy and fast access to ammo when needed. If you feel like only carrying a few cartridges for a short walk, you can get a small pouch which holds 15-20 rounds and slides onto your belt. This can be made from leather or canvas and rides flush against the waist, so that it is comfortable.

 

The next consideration is what to do with birds you have shot. As mentioned before, you cancarry a few in the back pouch of your shooting vest, but this also has some disadvantages.

 

One, two or three francolin, or one or two guinea fowl, are not a big problem, but if you start carrying more than that, you start to look and feel like the hunchback of Notre Dame! It is definitely not comfortable – and don’t even try to climb through a fence with this ‘hump’ on your back!

 

So what other options are there? There is a bird-hanger that fits onto your belt and has several clips or thongs from which to suspend the birds by either their necks or feet, so that they dangle from your waist. However, birds carried in this way are inclined to thump against your legs when walking and your trouser legs are always blood-spattered. The hanging birds also tend to hook and drag on bushes and undergrowth as you walk, causing you to stumble. Trying to cross a fence with birds dangling from this hanger is also difficult.

A belt attached bird-hanger.

I find that a game bag is the easiest and most convenient way to carry birds, leaving my hands free to handle my shotgun. My favourite is an old, well-worn leather bag with are movable blood-proof lining (a large, strong plastic bag will also do) which holds about four guinea fowls or six francolins. The weight distribution is more comfortable when carrying birds this way, as the bag has a broad strap that hangs over the shoulder and if you are traversing fences and obstacles, it can easily be slipped off and passed over or under the fence or obstacle. Game bags are available on order in the traditional classic style, made of canvas and leather, which are hard-wearing, comfortable and have a bloodproof inner lining that can be removed for cleaning.

A game bag to carry birds.

A cartridge bag.

If you plan to do a fair amount of waterfowl – or pigeon-shooting, you might consider buying a camo bird hide to keep yourself out of sight. There are a number of good hides on the market. Some of them are rather heavy and awkward to transport and erect. I suggest a lightweight, pop-up hide which is easy to carry and get into the field.

 

If the hunting of waterfowl and pigeons appeals to you, you could eventually consider investing in a selection of decoys to bring the birds into shotgun range. The easiest ones to transport and set up are shell-type decoys for pigeons and geese. There are also decoys which stand on stakes pushed into the ground. Floating ducks and geese are great attractors for open water. If your budget will allow, there is a rotary pigeon device (‘pigeon magnet’) which works off a drive unit. It is battery-operated, with flexible rods on which the decoys are mounted and which rotate the decoys, making them look as if they are birds coming in to land and feed. This works well and brings birds from far out. Flapping shell decoys with extended wings and rotary wing decoys are also good attractors to bring birds into range.

 

You will have to transport your gun from home to and from the shooting field and may have to carry it in the field as well. A good choice for protecting and transporting a gun in a vehicle is a gun case or travel case. This can be purchased as a standard, lockable case made of durable ABS plastic with a foam lining, which is ideal for rough handling – especially when the gun shares space in a vehicle with hunting dogs and other equipment. Another alternative is a good aluminium case, which is also very strong and durable, although more expensive. If your budget will allow, you can have a handmade custom gun case in canvas and leather, or oak and leather. This is a rather expensive investment, and you may not want to subject such a gun case to the harsh conditions of hunting, but it does add considerable value to your shotgun.

 

Once the gun is assembled for hunting, you may have to transport it from one area to another. For this, a good gun-slip is ideal. These are normally made of canvas or leather and have lightweight padding to protect the gun. A broad strap allows easy carrying over the shoulder.

 

Over the years, you may find more items and equipment which will make your shooting more successful and enjoyable. There are many reputable dealers around the country who are hunters at heart and salesmen only by vocation, and can offer sound advice based on experience. They will not try to make a quick buck by selling ‘gizmos’ that you will never use.

 

I would also recommend joining a shooting association or club where novices can interact with like-minded members and obtain access to shooting opportunities.

To order Campfire Thoughts & Reminiscences – the complete book with illustrations (US $15 excluding S&H), contact Andrew Meyer at andrewisikhova@icloud.com

Classic and Contemporary African Hunting Literature

Ask the Namibian Guides

Diana Rupp, (Safari Press, 2013, 182 pages.)
Reviewed by Ken Bailey

 

Long-time Sports Afield editor Diana Rupp first hunted Africa in 2003, a plains game hunt in Namibia. Captured, as so many of us are, by Africa’s magic, she’s gone back several times, including return trips to Namibia. As she relates in this book’s introduction, despite the plethora of information provided by the outdoor writing community about African hunting, she felt something was missing—the in-depth knowledge that only the experience of having conducted dozens of safaris, year after year, can provide. Deciding to bridge that gap, Rupp interviewed 13 established Namibian PHs, asking each a series of questions intended to provide prospective safari clients with informed knowledge not available elsewhere about what they should expect and how they should plan their safari. Ask the Namibian Guides is the culmination of those interviews. 

 

Reading this book, the first awakening I had is that, while focused on hunting in Namibia, the book is equally of value to those intending to hunt elsewhere in Africa. It would be particularly valuable to those planning to hunt in South Africa, a country whose hunting opportunities and outfitting industry are very much like those found in Namibia.

 

Each chapter focuses on a different topic, from how to select a safari outfitter, to arrival and departure concerns, rifle and gear recommendations, and what to expect on a typical day’s hunt. It even covers the attitude you should bring to get the most out of your hunt. The interviewed PHs provide their thoughts about each question in responses ranging from a single sentence or two to several well-thought-out paragraphs. Not surprisingly, I suppose, depending on the question, many of their responses are similar. A reader could find the redundancies a little tedious, but the astute safari client will recognize that when all of these professionals are saying essentially the same thing, you can be pretty sure it’s true and you should plan accordingly.

 

Other questions, meanwhile, illicit a wider range of responses, and the reader is treated to several different, yet informed, opinions. It’s quite interesting to see the variation of opinion and provides the reader the opportunity to land on the one that best meets their individual needs or style.

 

For those who enjoy tales about exciting and memorable hunting exploits from the African savanna, Rupp has you covered. In the book’s final chapter each of the PHs recalls a hunt that resonates with them to this day. Here’s where you’ll read of up-close experiences with elephants, interesting clients they’ve guided, and those rare hunting days when everything goes exactly according to script.

 

Ask the Namibian Guides is lavishly illustrated with superb photos provided by Rupp and the PHs; your appetite for a little eye candy will be well and truly quenched. 

 

This book is a little different than virtually every other book describing African hunting that I’ve read. But that’s a good thing! In a well-laid out and easy-to-digest format Rupp has captured the answers to those questions about hunting in Africa that all first-timers, and even those on their second or third safari, want to know. As noted, the opinions of these PHs are applicable across much of the African hunting landscape. And if you’re thinking about a hunt in Namibia, the country-specific information provided here can’t easily be found elsewhere in such a tidy presentation

New Steiner H6Xi Riflescope Series

Following last year’s release of the T6Xi series of tactical riflescopes, Steiner Optics, known for precision made riflescopes and binoculars with industry leading light transmission and clarity, releases a new lineup of premium optics designed with the modern big game hunter in mind.

 

Boasting similar military and law-enforcement DNA as the T6Xi tactical riflescope series, the all-new H6Xi series is designed for serious hunters who demand an optic that blends unfailing precision, versatility, and exceptional optical performance in a package capable of conquering the most extreme hunting environments.

 

The H6Xi series is comprised of three models, covering those who count ounces on the trail to those looking for enhanced magnification. The first focal plane 6x optical system is offered in 2-12x42mm, 3-16x50mm, and 5-30x50mm zoom ranges, and sets new benchmarks and expectations in what German-inspired, American-made hunting scopes should be.

 

Milled from solid aerospace-grade 6061-T6 aluminum, the H6Xi 30mm tube delivers a rugged waterproof, fog proof, and shockproof design with weight and compactness in mind. Several additional key features have been incorporated for hunters who stand ready for difficult shots.

 

Optical clarity and maximum light transmission come courtesy of Steiner’s world-renowned HD (high density) lenses. These are backed by the illuminated Steiner MHR reticle set to the first focal plane. This Modern Hunting Reticle presents duplex crosshairs for quick aiming in the lower magnification range and precise, illuminated denotation for wind drift and bullet drop when zoomed in for distant shots. Matched with 92% light transmission and a wide field of view, the H6Xi riflescopes ensure hunters can locate their targets and apply a sighting solution quickly and easily in the most challenging conditions.

 

A low-profile elevation turret is sized to reduce the snag-and-bump potential common to hunting scopes with tall target-style turrets. Easy-to-read numbers, tactile detents with audible clicks, and a zero click stop let hunters make confident and precise adjustments even in low light conditions. A capped windage knob ensures piece of mind when trudging through brush or bumping against rocks.  

 

Further adding to its diverse capabilities in changing environmental and shooting conditions, the H6Xi offers 11 illumination settings. Two night vision settings, four night settings, and five day settings ensure shooters can always find the right illumination regardless of the scene.

 

Backing the illumination dial is the focus adjustment knob. Tuned for the broadest shooting range spectrum, the fine parallax adjustment extends from 25 yards to infinity so you can always be confident of point-of-aim, point-of-impact performance.

 

Ergonomically, the H6Xi boasts a lightweight design—an important consideration for the modern backcountry hunter, where ounces equal pounds. To accommodate gloved and wet hands, all knobs and the power adjustment ring feature aggressive knurling for no-slip operation. The diopter also comes with a locking ring, meaning there is no chance of accidentally moving the eyepiece out of focus.

Streamlight Launches Ultra-Compact EDC Wedge XT

Streamlight®, a leading provider of high-performance lighting, launched the USB-C rechargeable Wedge® XT, the latest in its line of high-performance everyday carry (EDC) lights. Delivering up to 500 lumens for two hours on high, and measuring just 4.25 inches, the new light features a flat, low-profile design that allows for concealed carry in either pocket, and a tactical push-button tail switch for easy, one-handed use.

 

The new light features an intuitive tail switch that provides tactile control over the light’s momentary or constant-on operation. A Five-Tap™ lockout feature of the switch also prevents the light from turning on inside a pocket or bag. A handy deep-pocket clip secures the light to any pocket or other places for easy access.

 

The Wedge XT uses power LED technology to provide two output levels: On High, it offers 500 lumens, 1,900 candela, an 87-meter beam distance and a run time of two hours. The Low setting provides 50 lumens, 200 candela, a 28-meter beam distance and a run time of 11 hours. A TEN-TAP® programmable switch allows users to select from two different programs: high/low or low/high.

 

The Wedge XT features an integrated 950 mAh lithium polymer cell battery that can be conveniently recharged in the light by plugging the included USB-C cord into the waterproof USB port. The battery fully recharges in six hours; red and green indicator LEDs above the charge port provide charge status.

 

Made from rugged anodized aluminum and featuring a polycarbonate lens, the Wedge XT balances durability with performance. Measuring 4.25 inches long and 1 inch high, it weighs 2.62 ounces with the battery. It is IPX7-rated for waterproof operation to one meter; it also is impact-resistance tested to one meter.

 

 

Campfire Thoughts & Reminiscences Part 20

Written by Neil Harmse

 

 

Chapter 21. Shotgun Cartridges and Their Development Over the Years

 

Today most wing and clay target-shooters using modern shot cartridges show very little interest in the ammunition they use, apart from what they feel is their favourite brand and the ideal load for their specific sport.

 

To gain a better understanding of the development of centre-fire ammunition, we need to go back in time to the year 1850 and onwards, after the first breech-loading centre-fire guns became available.

 

Prior to then, from 1815-1835, gunsmiths were competing to get away from the flintlock. In 1830 the percussion cap, which was the intermediate stage on muzzle loaders, led to the development of pin-fire guns and subsequently opened the way for breech-loading centre-fire cartridges and guns. Thanks must go to Mr JV Needham, who invented and produced the ‘hammerless’ or internal hammer action that started the revolution in the development of the ‘modern’ style of ammunition. The centre-fire cartridge was designed.

 

In 1875, William Anson and John Deeley – who were both employed and associated with Westley Richards – developed and introduced the Anson and Deeley box-lock action, which was so successful in design that it has seen very little improvement up to the present day. This action was ideally adapted for the modern centre-fire cartridge. The action was less expensive and easier to produce than the traditional side-lock action, which was carried over from the days of the hammer and percussion actions. The Anson and Deeley action helped place guns in the hands of general shooters who were neither nobility nor landed gentry and could not afford expensive, handmade side-lock guns from top-name gunsmiths, but also wanted to get involved in the sport of ‘shooting flying’.

 

Side-locks were, and remain, more complicated to produce and are today sought after mostly for more expensive handmade top-grade guns.

 

The first breech-loading centre-fire ammunition was carried over from the days of muzzle loaders and used the traditional black powder propellant. When fired, these cartridges produced clouds of white smoke which sometimes obscured visibility for follow-up shots or even seeing the hits on targets. It was not unusual to see a shooter smartly dodge to one side to get past the cloud of white smoke in order to see the hit on his target. Soon there were calls for cleaner-burning propellant, which led to the development of Schultz powder. This burnt a lot more cleanly, producing less smoke and recoil, and was not as noisy as the old black powder loads. It became popular for its advantages to shooters. Further developments in modern smokeless Nitro powders led to more efficient and faster ignition, with more regular ballistics, less pressure and the absence of fouling, which also meant less corrosion in gun barrels.

 

Today cartridge manufacturers are continually striving to develop and improve the quality of their cartridges, with a view to more environmentally friendly components and consistent results. This is true of all the components which make up the modern cartridge.

 

The first step in the ignition process is the primer. Percussion ignition was first invented in 1807 by Rev Alexander Forsyth, a Scottish clergyman, but required a lot of refining. The early primers were very corrosive and could be unstable. Modern primers have vastly improved and have standardised on a 209-boxer type for shotguns which are largely non-corrosive, give quick and reliable ignition, and are well sealed and protected from contamination by moisture and oils, which are the cause of many misfires.

 

The following is a basic explanation of the firing procedure and sequence:

 

When struck by the firing pin of the gun, the primer should ignite, causing the propellant powder to burn and form a gas. This creates pressure, driving the wad and shot load up the barrel and, on exiting, causes the shot to spread into a pattern given by the choke selection, then on to the target.

 

Briefly, the modern shotgun cartridge consists of a brass or metal base, rimmed to fit onto the extractor or ejector rim of the action and chamber of the gun. The primer fits into this brass base. The body or case of the cartridge, which was traditionally made of varnished paper or card, is today usually plastic. The length of the cartridge body depends on the requirements of the gun chamber. This can range from 2½” (65mm) to 2,6” (67mm), 2¾” (70mm) and 3” (76mm). These are nominal lengths of factory cartridges, but exceptions are a shorter 2” (50mm) and a magnum 3½” (89mm), which are sometimes called for. The 67mm case was designed to allow the use of this cartridge length in either 65mm or 70mm chambers, allowing a slightly heavier load than normal for 65mm chambers.

Cut-away cartridge and wads.

Early cartridges all had fibre or compressed paper or card wads. Today the wad can consist of either formed or moulded plastic or biodegradable fibre. The plastic wad normally has a cup-shaped fore section with segmented ‘petals’ which hold the pellets in place and peel back and open as the shot column leaves the muzzle, releasing the shot in its forward motion to start spreading. This allows for a more controlled spread and pattern.

 

The fibre wad remains behind the shot load, acting as a gas seal and pushes it forward, with the shot column spreading faster on exiting the muzzle to create a more open pattern. The fibre wad is mainly used on game loads.

 

Most modern cartridges are enclosed with a segmented ‘star’ crimp at the mouth. Some cartridges can still be found with a ‘rolled’ crimp, but these are normally older or traditional loads.

 

As previously mentioned, with the trend towards environmental awareness, cartridge manufacturers have made great strides in the development and use of components that are ‘greener’ than in the past.

 

As a result of concerns about pollution of the environment (especially wetlands) caused by lead from shot pellets, cartridge manufacturers are now producing non-toxic shot using Bismuth, copper-coated or annealed steel pellets. These have a number of drawbacks, but research is ongoing. There is also a marked controversy in the claim that pollution from lead pellets causes problems. To date, no proof of this has been forthcoming, but it

is nevertheless wise to be proactive in this regard. For many years, lead shot had a 0,5% antimony added for hardness and this is now also treated by electroplating with either copper for hunting loads or nickel for clay target, small birds and pigeons. This reduces pellet deformation, keeping the pellets spherical to allow consistent patterns.

 

Pollution from wads has also been problematic, mainly in areas where high-volume shooting takes place. A number of game loads are now loaded with biodegradable fibre wads, which have a short lifespan once exposed to outdoor conditions. These wads are made from compressed wood materials, with paraffin wax as a binder to give added strength. Plastic wads are also a problem, especially in areas where they could be ingested by livestock. Research into the use of photodegradable wads, which have a limited lifespan when exposed to outdoor elements and sunlight, is ongoing. Plastic wads have a UV light stabiliser to give longevity, but photodegradable wads have this stabiliser removed or reduced, which allows them to break down into smaller pieces within a few weeks when exposed to sunlight.

 

Non-corrosive primers and progressive burning propellants are also the subject of continuing research in striving for more efficient and cleaner performance. Numerous overseas manufacturers, particularly in the UK, regularly select random cartridge samples from batches on their production lines and submit these for chronograph, pressure and velocity testing sometimes twice a day (morning and afternoon). Some have their own testing tunnels, but also send check samples to various proof houses. Some do tests of the loading machines for dosage rates of both powder and shot on an hourly basis. Velocity is measured at 2,5m and 10m from the muzzle and a ballistic analyser is used to calculate velocities. In this way, the quality of cartridges can be monitored and improved on an ongoing basis. Based on this research, UK and other manufacturers have a preference for single-base nitrocellulose powders in which the burn rate is determined by the surface area of the flake. For example, a larger flake area burns faster for light weight charges, whereas a smaller flake gives a slow burn used for heavier weight charges or smaller calibres where pressure build-up is rapid.

 

American propellants mainly use double-base nitrocellulose powder with an element of nitroglycerine added to it. This allows for a more energetic burn, but a dirty one, leaving residue in the barrel. An advantage of this propellant is that it is more stable in extreme temperatures.

 

The next time you load a couple of cartridges into the chambers of your favourite shotgun, spare a thought for the difficulties faced by early-day shooters and give thanks for the hard work, research and innovation that make our shooting today easier, safer and trouble-free.

To order Campfire Thoughts & Reminiscences – the complete book with illustrations (US $15 excluding S&H), contact Andrew Meyer at andrewisikhova@icloud.com

Classic and Contemporary African Hunting Literature

A Game Ranger’s Note Book 

Arthur (A.) Blayney Percival, (Whitefriar’s Press, Ltd., 1924, 372 pages.)
Reviewed by Ken Bailey

 

Arthur (A.) Blayney Percival (1875 – 1941) arrived in British East Africa in 1900 from Arabia, where he had been in charge of a British Museum expedition. A naturalist and ornithologist, he started as an Assistant Collector before being appointed Ranger of Game Preserves in 1901. In 1915, he was promoted to Chief Game Warden, a position he held until his retirement in 1923. A keen and passionate student of wildlife, A Game Ranger’s Note Book is an assemblage of his observations from his years in the field.

 

This is a fascinating and informative read from a time when game management and hunting regulations were first being codified in East Africa. Using personal anecdotes from his countless hours covering the vast area for which he was responsible, he describes in great detail his observations of the habits and behavior of a vast array of wildlife, along with his thoughts and advice for hunting them.

 

This book is divided into 25 chapters, 22 of them focussing on a specific species (a few chapters lump similar species) and is chock full of information about each species’ life history and how they interact with other animals and within the various habitats in the region. He dedicates seven full chapters to lions, a species of special interest at that time, both as a trophy for the growing safari industry, but also because of the increasing conflict between lions and people as the region underwent significant “development.” There were so many lions at the time that interactions were an almost daily occurrence for Percival, and this is reflected in the numerous and compelling experiences he relates. If you’re interested in learning about, or hunting, lions, these chapters alone make this book a worthwhile read.

 

Other species Percival devotes chapters to include leopard, cheetah and the smaller cats, hunting dogs, hyenas, elephant, rhinos, hippos, buffalo, giraffes, the pigs (including warthogs, giant forest hogs, and bush pigs), zebra and the spiral-horned family, including greater and lesser kudu, bongo and eland. Each chapter follows a similar format, including a description of the animal’s distribution, their behavior, and their relevance to and/or interactions with people.

Most of Percival’s thoughts and interpretations are pertinent today, while some have proven to be inaccurate. As but one example, when discussing the leopard’s habit of carrying his prey up into a tree, Percival says, “The puzzle is how such an animal as the leopard can haul a “palla” (impala) ram, which weighs as much as he does himself, up into a tree. My own belief is that when a heavy carcass has thus to be dealt with, leopards help each other.”

 

Notwithstanding the odd interpretation that we know today to be wrong, Percival is an exemplary student of wildlife and wildlife behaviour, and his observations are largely as relevant today as they were a century ago. And unlike so many books about African wildlife, his thoughts are borne on actual field observations and his personal experiences—the man was clearly walking the walk.

 

The final three chapters in Percival’s A Game Ranger’s Note Book are dedicated to his thoughts on tracking and stalking, birds and their relationships to other wildlife and man, the influence of railways and other infrastructure development on game, and the photography of wild animals. And on the specific topic of photography, once again Percival demonstrates clearly that he knows what he’s talking about; he took many of the full-page black and white photos that illustrate this book.

 

A Game Ranger’s Note Book should be required reading for all those with an abiding interest in learning more about Africa’s game animals. Perhaps a description of Percival in the time sums him up best: “A man of adventurous life before coming to BEA to hunt big game. He found a task eminently suited to his capabilities. One could always appeal to him for positive information about the habits of wild game and the hunting possibilities in various outlying regions.”

Campfire Thoughts & Reminiscences Part 19

Written by Neil Harmse

 

 

Chapter 20. Understanding The Shotgun

 

 

New shooters being introduced to the shotgunning sport may find the many terms and techniques rather confusing, with words like ‘load’, ‘bore’, ‘gauge’, ‘choke’ and others bandied about by more experienced shooters without explanation. Let me attempt to clarify these terms.

 

The sporting shotgun is usually of three types: firstly, the double-barrel, either side-by-side (s x s) or over-and-under (o/u) configuration. Secondly, there is the single-barrel, singleshot and thirdly, the single-barrel, multi-shot, either pump (or slide) action, or auto- (self-) loader. Just to muddy the waters, there is also the combination, which is a shotgun barrel (or barrels) with a rifle barrel. These are more popular in Europe than in South Africa.

 

Most sport shooting or field sports favour the double-barrel, with the over-and-under design being more popular nowadays. The side-by-side version is more traditional and there are many shooters, especially the older generation, who still prefer this style. The side-by-side usually has a slimmer, sleeker action and is lighter to carry and use over long periods in the field than the over-and-under. These are ideal for waterfowl and terrestrial game bird-hunting.

 

Because of the barrel configuration, the over-and-under has a deeper, bulkier action, is heavier and is therefore able to withstand heavier loads or charges than the side-by-side. This allows it to contend with more sustained shooting volumes, such as done in clay target-shooting.

 

Double-barrel guns come in two main action designs. The box lock is a shorter action and appears more truncated at the rear, with its strikers, springs and working parts all housed inside the action body. Box locks are easier to manufacture and generally more robust. The side lock is more intricate and labour-intensive to manufacture, with its firing mechanisms and springs individually pinned to separate side plates extending rearwards behind the standing breech of the gun. These side locks provide extended flat outer surfaces to allow for extensive engraving, especially scenic engraving, making them a popular choice for best-quality guns. However, this is not to say that the box lock is in any way inferior.

A side-by-side shotgun with sidelocks.

An over-and-under box lock shotgun.

American sportsmen generally favour semi-auto and pump action guns for waterfowl and upland bird-shooting, but in the UK and South Africa, these are not readily accepted in shooting circles. This is mainly for safety reasons, as a double is visibly safe when the action is open, which is not the case with a pump and auto-loader. These have magazines which can normally take about five cartridges, but in terms of South African regulations, they must be plugged to accept only two rounds. Multi-shot pump guns are mainly used by law enforcement and security services in South Africa.

 

Just a point on safety: I remember an incident where a group of us were on a bird shoot. One of the party was a man of continental extraction, who was using a semi-auto shotgun. We had returned to the vehicles for a welcome coffee and a sandwich and noticed that his gun was leaning against the car with the action closed. When asked if it was unloaded, he assured us that it was, and promptly picked it up and pulled the trigger. With a loud bang, a shot went off, fortunately into the air.

 

Everyone was shocked, not least the owner of the gun. Needless to say, he was never invited to a shoot again. This just proves the point of the danger of semi-auto and pump action guns.

 

Barrel length is a matter of purpose and personal preference. There is a common misconception that the longer the barrel, the further (or harder) the gun will shoot. Longer barrels are solely to add muzzle weight for balance and ‘swing’. Common sporting barrel lengths are 25-30” (63-76cm), with 28” (71cm) being the most versatile for all-round use. Dedicated clay target-shooters normally opt for longer barrels. In my experience, barrels of 30-32” (76-81cm) appear to deliver a downward muzzle ‘flip’, while barrels of 25-27” (63-69cm) seem to give an upward ‘flip’. The 28” barrels are more stable, with no significant muzzle ‘flip’.

 

The distance and spread of the shot charge are determined by the degree of choke, and not the barrel length. It is not clear who first came up with the idea and design for the choke on shotgun barrels to give various spreads of pellets, but it is known that Alexander Pape first patented the design in England in 1886. Thereafter, WW Greener went on to improve and develop chokes on his guns. The choke is the constriction within the last section of the muzzle which concentrates the shot pellets. A full choke has a tighter constriction and gives a tighter pattern, resulting in denser shot patterns for longer range. True cylinder means no restriction at all, allowing the shot to spread more widely after leaving the barrel muzzle. 100 The most popular and versatile chokes for all-round shooting are improved cylinder for closer shots and modified choke for longer shots. Many modern guns come with a set of normally five interchangeable screw-in choke tubes, rendering the gun suitable for any type of shooting and range required.

 

The term ‘bore’ is derived from the age-old English tradition, whereas ‘gauge’ is an American term meaning the same. The bore or gauge of the barrel is calculated from the number of pure round lead spheres or balls of equal size which fit through the barrel and which, together, would weigh 1lb (454g). Where 12 balls of 0,729” (18,5mm) diameter (the diameter of a 12-bore barrel) weigh 1lb, the gun is a 12-bore. Twenty smaller balls of 0,617” (15mm) diameter would denote a 20-bore gun. Obviously, the numerical bore designation increases as the bore becomes smaller. Nowadays shotgun bores or gauges for all practical purposes are mainly 10-bore, 12-bore, 16-bore, 20-bore and 28-bore, which are popular sizes. An exception is the .410 shotgun, which is not a bore designation, but is a calibre and is the actual barrel diameter measured in inches.

 

Chamber lengths also deserve a measure of understanding. Many older guns (roughly pre-WWII) have chamber lengths of 2½” (65mm) and longer cartridges must not be used in these guns. They may seem to fit into the chamber, but when they are fired, the crimp opens into the forcing cone, which is a restriction ahead of the chamber at the start of the actual barrel. This can cause raised pressure to dangerous levels. Most modern guns have chambers of 2¾” (70mm) and some guns may be chambered for magnum loads of 3” (76mm).

 

Let us have a brief look at cartridges and loads. (These will be covered in detail in a following chapter.) Today most shot cartridges have a metal case head (base and rim) and the walls of the case are made of plastic with a fold or ‘star’ crimp at the mouth. Varnished paper cases are available for those traditionalists who enjoy the nostalgia of shooting vintage-type loads in vintage guns. Pellet size in game bird or clay target loads is usually numbered from number 9 shot, which is small (2mm) to about number 3 shot (3,3mm) or even number 1 shot (3,7mm). The larger pellets are usually used for hunting geese and larger birds. There are tables available showing recommended shot sizes for use on various game birds. As a rule of thumb, 8, 7½ and 7 are usually used for clay target doves and pigeons, 5 and 6 for terrestrial game birds and duck, and 3 and 4 for geese and waterfowl. Generally, 5 and 6 shot sizes are a good all-round compromise. Shot loads are normally shown in grams, being the weight or mass of pellets in a load. A 28g load (1oz) of number 6 shot would have about 270 pellets in the cartridge. Most game loads are 28-32g, with 34g being a heavier game load. Obviously, the bigger the shot size, the fewer pellets will be in the load. It is generally acknowledged that pattern kills, so the more pellets striking the bird or target, the higher the chance of a kill. Larger pellets mean less dense patterns and a higher chance of a lost bird. Until recently, most modern cartridges had a plastic cup wad enclosing the pellets, which effectively improved shot patterns and reduced bore leading. Nowadays, though, many game loads are being loaded with biodegradable fibre wads, which are environmentally friendly, but open the patterns somewhat.

 

Much is said and written about being ‘gun-fit’. Unless you are sufficiently well-off to order a bespoke gun made to fit your personal physique, you will have to make do with the ‘average’ gun off the shelf. Fortunately, most leading gun manufacturers have done much research into the measurements of the average person and the guns are manufactured by CNC process to fit most shooters, without much alteration.

 

The most common problem with a gun off the shelf is stock length (length of pull). This is measured from the front surface of the trigger to the rearmost centre of the butt-plate or recoil pad. If this is too long, it can be shortened by a competent stock-maker by cutting a slice off the butt end of the stock. If it is too short, the stock-maker can add a spacer or thicker recoil pad to lengthen it, depending on the length of your arms and neck, as well as your shoulder width. Most other problems of fit can be adapted or corrected by good gun mounting and style. Muscle memory is wonderful and by ‘fitting yourself to your gun’ and continually practising correct gun mount, your shooting will improve dramatically.

 

A wise shooter once said: ‘Shooters will improve their shooting by using a gun with a shorter stock, more open chokes and a shorter barrel.’ Whichever gun you use, go to a shooting range and have an instructor check your hold, style and mount. Once you feel comfortable and know the right moves, stance and mount, go home and practise these over and over. Standing in front of a mirror can help. (Please make sure your gun is unloaded before you do this!) For dry-firing, invest in a good set of snap-caps or dummy cartridges, which will prevent firing pins or strikers from being damaged.

 

As with any expensive piece of equipment, a gun should be cleaned and oiled after use during the shooting season, and at least once or twice during storage in the off-season. A good cleaning kit and gun oil are essential for the maintenance of your firearm. There is a trend among some shooters of simply pulling a bore-snake (pull-through) through the 102 barrels after a shoot and then putting the gun away. This is highly inadvisable. Although the barrels may seem clean when one looks down them, there will be powder and lead residue which are not easy to see and could cause corrosion or damage. I suggest using a rod, brush, patches and woollen mop to give the barrels a thorough cleaning, followed by a light coat of oil. Wipe all the metalwork with a lightly oiled cloth. Do not spray a lot of oil into the action or barrels. Light oiling is all that is required, as too much oil is also detrimental, especially to the stock and wood. Use a cotton bud or small art-painting brush to get into the inner parts of the action and fore-end mechanisms to remove grass seeds, dust and other debris. Remember to oil under and around the safety catch. If sweat and moisture get under this, they can cause rust and seize the catch. Lightly wipe the wood with a good stock oil or stock wax once or twice a season, especially in wet weather, and again before long-term storage. A good idea is to wipe a light coating of petroleum jelly along the junctions of the wood and metal around the locks and action to prevent moisture or rain from getting into the action. When storing my guns in a safe, I enclose them in a good silicone oil-coated gun sock such as ‘Sack-Up’ or similar and then stand them muzzle-down to allow any excess oil to drain downwards to the barrels, rather than soak into the wood. Never store guns in a bag or case, as this may cause them to ‘sweat’ and rust.

 

Looking after your gun in this manner will ensure that they give trouble-free service for your lifetime and that of the next generation. Many guns well over 100 years old are still shooting as well today as the day they left the gun-maker’s bench.

To order Campfire Thoughts & Reminiscences – the complete book with illustrations (US $15 excluding S&H), contact Andrew Meyer at andrewisikhova@icloud.com


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